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Bibliography 397
The design rainfall intensity (i in mm/h) as a function of 11.15 Determine the mean runoff volume (V r ) and the mean
runoff duration (t in min) is given by the following expression: runoff flow (Q) in a combined sewer area where the runoff coeffi-
cient is 0.35, the mean unit rainfall volume is 0.18 in., the drainage
2,300
i = area is 565 acres, and the mean rainfall intensity is 0.055 in./h.
t + 20
11.16 Table 11.11 shows the average pollutant concentration
The storm sewer between MH 70 and MH 69 has been previously distribution in the United States. Runoff flows may be trans-
designed at a flow velocity of 1.85 m/s to serve an upstream lated into stormwater loads by multiplying the runoff flows by
drainage area of 72 ha having a concentration time of 70 min. the appropriate pollutant concentration C m (mg/L). If storm
(a) Determine the total flow reaching each inlet to MH 69. runoff flows and concentrations are independent, the mean
(b) Determine the design flow for the storm sewer be- runoff loading rate, W r , in lb/d, will simply equal the product of
tween MH 69 and MH 68 the mean concentration, C m , and the mean runoff flow, Q:
11.14 The runoff coefficient indicates the fraction of the W r 5.4(C m )(Q) (U.S. Customary Units)
storm volume that reaches the conveyance system: W r 0.0864(C m )(Q) (SI Units)
V r 3,630 (c V a) (U.S. Customary Units)
where,
V r 0.00276 (c V a) (SI Units) 3
Q runoff flow (ft /s) (L/s)
where W r mean runoff pollutant loading rate (lb/d) (kg/d)
3
3
V r mean runoff volume (ft ) (m ) C m mean pollutant concentration (mg/L)
V mean unit rainfall volume (in.) (mm) 5.4 a conversion factor for (lb/d)/[(ft /s)-(mg/L)].
3
c runoff coefficient 0.0864 a conversion factor for SI units.
a drainage area (acre) (ha)
Determine the mean runoff pollutant loading rate of a separate
3,630 conversion factor to make units consistent or unsewered area where the mean biochemical oxygen demand
3
(ft /acre-in.) concentration is 20.2 mg/L (from Table 11.11) and the runoff
3
0.00276 Conversion factor to make units consistent for flow is 25 ft /s (708 L/s).
the SI units. 11.17 Determine the mean runoff pollutant loading rate of a
Determine the mean runoff volume in an unsewered area where commercial combined sewer area where the mean nitrogen con-
the runoff coefficient is 0.35, mean unit rainfall volume is 0.18 in. centration is 7.7 mg/L (from Table 11.11) and the runoff flow is
3
(4.57 mm), and the drainage area is 131 acres (53 ha). 11 ft /s (311.5 L/s).
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