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(a) Perturbation flow velocity, E (b) Frequency (Hz)
Figure 5.51 Numerical simulations for 3-D motions of the system of Figure 5.43(a): (a) the bifurcation diagram for the system with p = 3.55 in
terms of E = [up - (ug)~]/(ug)~; (b) the power spectrum for E = 0.05, showing quasiperiodic motion with three fundamental frequencies (Copeland
1992).