Page 347 - Fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
328
Liquids
10.4 ANNEXURE (TEMA FOULING FACTORS)
Refrigerant liquids 0.001
TABLE 10.11 TEMA Fouling Factors Hydraulic liquids 0.001
Industrial organic heat transfer liquids 0.001
I. Water Transformer oil 0.001
Engine lube oil 0.001

Temperature of heating medium 240 F 240–400 F Fuel oil 0.005
Temperature of water 125 F >125 F Quench oil 0.004

Molten heat transfer salts 0. 0005
Water Velocity (ft/s) III. Chemical Process Streams
Type of Water
# 3 >3 3 >3 Gases and Vapors
Seawater 0.005 0.001 0.003 0.002 Acid gases 0.001
Solvent vapors 0.001
Cooling Tower/Spray Pond Stable overhead products 0.001
Treated makeup 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 Liquids
Untreated 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.005
Ethanol amine solutions 0.002
River water (minimum) 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.002
Glycol solutions 0.002
Muddy/silty water 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.005
Stable side draw and bottom products 0.001
Hard water 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.005
Caustic solutions 0.002
Distilled water 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
Vegetable oils 0.003
Treated boiler feed water 0.001 0.0005 0.001 0.001
Boiler blowdown water 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
IV. Natural Gas/Gasoline Process Streams
Ratings in the last two columns are based on a temperature Gases and Vapors

of the heating medium of 240–400 F. If heating medium Natural gas 0.001
temperatures are >400 F and the cooling medium is known Overhead products 0.001

to give rise to scaling, these ratings should be modified
Liquids
accordingly.
Lean oil 0.002
Rich oil 0.001
Natural gasoline and LPG 0.001
II. General Industrial Fluids
Gases and Vapors V. Refinery Streams
Steam (nonoily) 0.0005 Crude and Vacuum Unit Vapors
Steam (oily) 0.001
Refrigerant vapors (oily) 0.002 Atmospheric column overhead vapors 0.001
Light naphthas 0.001
Compressed air 0.001
Vacuum column overhead vapors 0.002
Industrial organic heat transfer fluids 0.001

Crude Oil

0–199 200–299 300–399 400–499

Temp. ( F)
Vel. (ft/s) <2 2–4 >4 <2 2–4 >4 <2 2–4 >4 <2 2–4 >4
Dry crude 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.004 0.003
Salty crude 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.005