Page 73 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

Introduction to smart grid and internet of energy systems Chapter 1 59

1.5 Energy internet as smart grid 2.0
The proposed EI concepts such as FREEDM, Digital Grid, Global Energy Inter-
net (GEI) of China and E-Energy are related to energy transmission control and
power conversion issues in the context of ICT applications. The preliminary
projects have proposed several IP based communication interfaces and MV
level energy generation and grid-interconnection approaches. The GEI differs
among other with its ultrahigh voltage (UHV) support and global interconnec-
tion of other smart grid infrastructures to implement an energy backbone [48].
However, EI concept is now more than just energy generation and conversion
but also ensuring the ubiquitous, available, shared and interoperable smart grid
for producers and consumers. Similarly, energy is not only an asset in EI infra-
structure but also a generalized resource that is used by any individual and busi-
ness environments. Therefore, improvement of EI concept has been associated
with industrial revolutions and even with smart grid evolution versions as we
have proposed in this section.
It is noted that the key components of energy generation and consumption
cycle are centralized and decentralized generation, DERs integration to gener-
ation and distribution networks, smart and integrated energy management. In
addition to these major components, recent advances promoted researches on
microgrid concepts that are shift consumers to prosumers by active participation
to generation cycle, virtual power plant (VPP) technologies improving the reli-
ability of power network along smart grid infrastructure, and smart energy man-
agement and control techniques. In addition to power and communication
networks, the data management and processing requirements such as big data,
privacy and security are extensively associated with EI ecosystem. All these
contributions and improvements provided by EI are introduced in the following
chapters in detail.

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