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Chapter 2
Smart metering and smart
monitoring systems
Chapter outline
2.1 Introduction 63 2.3.5 Theft and fraud control 80
2.2 Smart metering concept 2.4 Advanced metering
and systems 65 infrastructure 81
2.3 Smart meters 72 2.4.1 AMI protocols and
2.3.1 Hardware and accurate standards 81
metering 72 2.4.2 AMI security 84
2.3.2 Communication interface 75 2.5 PMU applications in smart
2.3.3 Remote control features 79 grids 88
2.3.4 Demand side 2.6 Smart monitoring systems 92
management 80 References 95
2.1 Introduction
The degraded structure of conventional power grid and increased energy
demand has caused serious overloading, curtailments and blackouts. These
kinds of faults induce power quality and capital losses due to underperforming
generators, electric machines, pumping systems, industrial and critical loads.
Many governments and local authorities have been forced to prevent such losses
by modernizing nationwide grid infrastructure by including smart transmission
and distribution systems with smart metering and smart monitoring capabilities.
Thus, it would be possible to monitor and react to instant demand changes
due to improved demand side management (DSM) and demand response
(DR) programs. The DSM approach aims to ensure the balance between gen-
eration and consumption sections with applying DR programs to change habits
of consumer, and to rehabilitate load capacity of transmission and distribution
networks. The smart grid transformation of conventional power grid targets to
increase efficiency, reliability and flexibility in addition to distributed genera-
tion (DG), decentralized control and integration of renewable energy sources
(RESs) and distributed energy resources (DERs).
The DSM applications highly rely on smart metering and smart monitoring
infrastructures in transmission and distribution networks in the context of smart
grid. The increased capabilities and features of smart metering systems ensure
From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819710-3.00002-8
© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 63
