Page 219 - Fundamentals of Computational Geoscience Numerical Methods and Algorithms

210 8 Spontaneous Crack Generation Problems in Large-Scale Geological Systems

6.00E–02
NB = 10MPa
NB = 1MPa
NB = 0.1MPa
2.00E–02
Volumetric Strain –2.00E–02 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16

–6.00E–02

–1.00E–01
Axial Strain
(A) 1× m sample
2

6.00E–02

NB = 10MPa
NB = 1MPa
2.00E–02 NB = 0.1MPa
Volumetric Strain –2.00E–02 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16

–6.00E–02

–1.00E–01
Axial Strain
(B) 1× km sample
2
Fig. 8.13 Effects of normal bond strength on the curve of volumetric strain versus axial strain

8.4.3 Particle Simulation of the Folding Process Using Two
Similar Particle Models of Different Length-Scales

As the further test and application example, two particle models of different length-
scales, as shown in Fig. 8.16, are used to simulate the folding process that occurs
within the upper crust of the Earth. In the first model, the length and thickness of
the crust are 20 m and 2.5 m, while in the second model, the length and thickness