Page 223 - Fundamentals of Computational Geoscience Numerical Methods and Algorithms

214 8 Spontaneous Crack Generation Problems in Large-Scale Geological Systems

(10.8% shortening)

(18.0% shortening)

(25.2% shortening)

(32.4% shortening)

(39.6% shortening)
Fig. 8.17 Evolution of the folding process of a stiffer middle layer embedded by softer upper and
lower layers (The kilometer-scale model)

left-hand side of both the kilometer-scale and the meter-scale models, indicating that
the mechanical responses of both the models are identical within the elastic range
of the particle material. Although there are some discrepancies between the simula-
tion results of the two models at post-failure stages, the overall deformation patterns
are very similar between the two similar models of different length-scales, indicat-
ing that the proposed upscale theory is correct and useful for revealing the intrinsic
relationship between the two similar particle models of different length-scales, even
though the two similar particle models are comprised of heterogeneous material