Page 242 - Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology

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Index

Page numbers in italics refer to figures and those in bold refer to tables.

'a'a lava 138–9, 138, 140, 142 asteroids 191–2
acceleration due to gravity 32, 35, 37, 69, 79, 87, 96, differentiated 210–11
117, 125, 134, 191, 192, 193, 200, 203, 208, 211, eruption speeds 211
212, 216, 218 explosive eruptions 211
accretionary lapilli 13 mantles 211
Acicastello, Sicily 140 atmosphere
acidity spikes 180, 181, 183 circulation 184
adiabatic expansion 23, 95–6 density 108
aerosols 107, 171, 182, 188, 218 local properties 109
absorption of radiation 183–4 recovery 186
eruption volume 185, 185 temperature 108
residence times 183, 184, 188 thermal structure 86
scattering of radiation 183, 188 see also stratosphere; tropopause; troposphere
Afar hot spot 21, 24 atmospheric ash 167–8, 188
Agung, Indonesia 180, 186 darkness 182–3
air drag 96, 98–9, 107 dispersal 182
air flow 167 hazards 167–8, 172, 177
laminar 108 inhalation 167–8
turbulent 108 jet engines 167–8, 168
Alaska 13, 19, 44, 155, 102, 127, 182 residence times 183, 184, 188
andesite 9, 24, 25, 26, 29, 140, 145, 146, 152 atmospheric pressure 81, 82, 84, 106, 108, 119, 120,
anorthosite 194 148, 192, 199, 211, 215, 218
Antarctica 49 Aubrite meteorites 211
arachnoids 204 Axial volcano, Juan de Fuca 46, 48
ash
accumulation 166 Báróarbunga, Iceland 13
clusters 110 basalt 4, 6, 7, 9, 23, 24, 25, 29, 71–2, 94, 104, 127, 145,
electrostatic charge 110 147, 150–3, 211, 213, 214
plume 7, 8 CO solubility 66–7, 67, 76
2
see also atmospheric ash eruption conditions 193
ash flow tuff see ignimbrite eruption duration 186
Askja, Iceland 13, 56, 59, 111, 112–13, 112 eruption styles 59
asteroid 4 Vesta 190, 190 fragmentation 151–2
impact craters 210, 211 gas content 152
regolith 211 lava 21, 22, 97, 130, 135, 138–9