Page 471 - Global Tectonics

REFERENCES 453

Prawirodirdjo, L. & Bock, Y. (2004) Instantaneous global plate Richards, J.P. (2003) Tectono-Magmatic Precursors for Porphyry
motion model from 12 years of continuous GPS observations. Cu-(Mo-Au) Deposit Formation. Econ. Geol. 98, 1515–33.
J. geophys. Res. 109, B8, B08405, doi:10.1029/2003JB002944. Richardson, A.N. & Blundell, D.J. (1996) Continental collision in
Prescott, W.H. et al. (2001) Deformation across the Pacifi c–North the Banda arc. In Hall, R. & Blundell, D.J. (eds) Tectonic
America plate boundary near San Francisco, California. J. Evolution in Southeast Asia. Spec. Pub. geol. Soc. Lond. 106,
geophys. Res. 106, B4, 6673–82. 47–60.
Prevot, M. et al. (2000) Evidence for a 20° tilting of the Earth’s Richardson, S.H. et al. (2001) Archean subduction recorded by
rotation axis 110 million years ago. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 179, Re-Os isotopes in eclogitic sulfide inclusions in Kimberley dia-

517–28. monds. Earth planet. Sci. Lett 191, 257–66.
Pritchard, M.E. & Simons, M. (2004) Surveying volcanic arcs with Ringwood, A.E. (1974) The petrological evolution of island arc
satellite radar interferometry: the Central Andes, Kamchatka, systems. J. geol. Soc. Lond. 130, 183–204.
and beyond. GSA Today 14, 4–11. Ringwood, A.E. (1975) Composition and Petrology of the Earth’s
Purdy, G.M. (1987) New observations of the shallow seismic struc- Mantle. McGraw-Hill, New York.
ture of young oceanic crust. J. geophys. Res. 92, 9351–62. Ringwood, A.E. (1977) Petrogenesis in island arc systems. In
Purdy, G.M. & Detrick, R.S. (1986) The crustal structure of the Talwani, M. & Pitman, W.C. III (eds) Island Arcs, Deep Sea
Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23°N from seismic refl ection studies. Trenches and Back-arc Basins. Maurice Ewing Series I, pp. 311–24.
J. geophys. Res. 91, 3739–62. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Raedeke, L.D. & McCallum, I.S. (1984) Investigations of the Still- Rino, S. et al. (2004) Major episodic increase of continental crustal
water Complex: Part II. Petrology and petrogenesis of the growth determined from zircon ages of river sands; implica-
Ultramafi c series. J. Petrol. 25, 395–420. tions for mantle overturns in the Early Precambrian. Phys.
Raff, A.D. & Mason, R.G. (1961) Magnetic survey off the west Earth planet. Interiors 146, 369–94.
coast of North America, 40°N latitude to 52°N latitude. Bull. Ritger, S., Canson, B. & Snegge, E. (1987) Methane-derived authi-
geol. Soc. Am. 72, 1267–70. genic carbonates formed by subduction-induced pore-water
Rainbird, R.H., Hamilton, M.A. & Young, G.M. (2001) Detrital expulsion along the Oregon/Washington margin. Bull. geol.
zircon geochronology and provenance of the Torridonian, Soc. Am. 98, 147–56.
NW Scotland, J. geol. Soc. Lond. 158, 15–27. Ritsema, J. & van Heijst, H.J. (2000) New seismic model of the
Ramachandran, K., Hyndman, R.D. & Brocher, T.M. (2006) upper mantle beneath Africa. Geology 28, 63–6.
Regional P wave velocity structure of the Northern Cascadia Ritsema, J., van Heijst, H.J. & Woodhouse, J.H. (1999) Complex
Subduction Zone. J. geophys. Res. 111, B12301, doi:10.1029/ shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and
2005JB004108. Iceland. Science 286, 1925–28.
Ramos, V.A. (1989) Foothills structure in northern Magallanes Ritsema, J. et al. (1998) Upper mantle seismic velocity structure
Basin, Argentina. Amer. Assoc. Pet. geol. 73, 887–903. beneath Tanzania: implications for the stability of cratonic
Ramos, V.A., Cristallini, E.O. & Pérez, D.J. (2002) The Pampean roots. J. geophys. Res. 103, 21 201–14.
fl at-slab of the Central Andes. J. S Am. Earth Sci. 15, 59–78. Rivers, T. (1997) Lithotectonic elements of the Grenville Province:
Ranalli, G. (1995) Rheology of the Earth, 2nd edn Chapman & Hall, review and tectonic implications. Precambrian Res. 86, 117–
London. 54.
Ranalli, G. (2001) Mantle rheology: radial and lateral viscosity Roberts, A., Lundin, E.R. & Kusznir, N.J. (1997) Subsidence of the
variations inferred from microphysical creep laws. J. Geodyn. Vøring Basin and the influence of the Atlantic continental

32, 425–44. margin. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 154, 551–7.
Ranalli, G. & Murphy, D.C. (1987) Rheological stratification of the Robl, J. & Stüwe, K. (2005a) Continental collision with fi nite

lithosphere. Tectonophysics 132, 281–96. indenter strength: 1. Concept and model formulation. Tecton-
Ranero, C.R. & Reston, T.J. (1999) Detachment faulting at ocean ics 24, TC4005, doi:10.1029/2004TC0011727.
core complexes. Geology 27, 983–6. Robl, J. & Stüwe, K. (2005b) Continental collision with fi nite
Rapine, R. et al. (2003) Crustal structure of northern and southern indenter strength: 2. European eastern Alps. Tectonics 24,
Tibet from surface wave dispersion analysis. J. geophys. Res. TC4014, doi:10.1029/2004TC001741.
108, doi:10.1029/2001JB000445. Rogers, A.M. et al. (1991) The seismicity of Nevada and some
Raymo, M.E. & Ruddiman, W.F. (1992) Tectonic forcing of Late adjacent parts of the Great Basin. In Slemmons, D.B. et al. (eds)
Cenozoic climate. Nature 359, 117–22. Neotectonics of North America. Decade Map, 1, 153–84. Geologi-
Reston, T.J., Krawczyk, C.M. & Klaeschen, D. (1996) The S refl ec- cal Society of America, Boulder, CO.
tor west of Galicia (Spain): evidence from prestack depth Romanowicz, B. (2003) Global mantle tomography: progress
migration for detachment faulting during continental breakup. status in the past 10 years. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 31,
J. geophys. Res. 101, 8075–92. 303–28.
Rice, J.R. (1992) Fault stress states, pore pressure distribu- Romm, J. (1994) A new forerunner for continental drift. Nature
tions, and the weakness of the San Andreas fault. In 367, 407–8.
Evans, B. & Wong, T.F. (eds) Fault Mechanics and Trans- Rona, P.A. (1977) Plate tectonics, energy and mineral resources:
port Properties of Rocks, pp. 475–504. Academic Press, New basic research leading to payoff. EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un.
York. 58, 629–39.