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                                     Pump Drivers and Variable-Speed Drives

                                                Pump Drivers and Variable-Speed Drives  195


                        2.0
                        1.5
                        1.0

                      Voltage in pu  −0.5  0  0.002  0.004  0.006  0.008  0.01  0.012  0.014  0.016  0.018  0.02
                        0.5
                        0.0


                       −1.0

                       −1.5
                       −2.0
                                                   Time in s
                    Figure 7.12 Raw and filtered output voltage waveform of an IGCT neutral-point-
                    clamped inverter. (From Richard H. Osman, Medium–Voltage Variable Frequency
                    Drives for Induction and Synchronous Motors.)


                    times their original values. This can result in failed capacitors, interfer-
                    ence with data-processing equipment, overvoltages, and other undesir-
                    able effects. If capacitors are used on variable-frequency drives, the
                    motors should be installed as closely as possible to those drives.



                                  Power            Power            Power
                                   cell            cell              cell
                                   A1               A2               A3
                                                                            Induction
                                                                             motor
                            Power            Power            Power
                             cell             cell             cell
                             B1               B2               B3


                      Power            Power             Power
                       cell             cell              cell
                        C1               C2               C3





                     Phrmckt    3 Phase MV input   Series cell MV drive (perfect harmony)


                    Figure 7.13 Series-cell multilevel VFD. (From Richard H. Osman, Medium–Voltage
                    Variable Frequency Drives for Induction and Synchronous Motors.)




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