Page 24 - Handbook of Battery Materials

Contents XXIII

24.3 Cell Configuration 816
24.4 Positive Electrode Materials 818
24.4.1 Carbon–Sulfur Composites 818
24.4.2 Polymer–Sulfur Composites 827
24.4.3 Organosulfides 828
24.4.4 Other Positive Electrode Materials 828
24.4.5 Binders 829
24.5 Electrolytes 830
24.5.1 Liquid Electrolytes 830
24.5.2 Solid Electrolytes 832
24.6 Negative Electrode Materials 833
24.7 Conclusions and Prospects 835
Acknowledgments 835
References 836

Part V Performance and Technology Development for
Batteries 841

25 Modeling and Simulation of Battery Systems 843
Partha P. Mukherjee, Sreekanth Pannala, and John A. Turner
25.1 Introduction 843
25.2 Macroscopic Model 848
25.2.1 Direct Numerical Simulation 850
25.2.1.1 Conservation of Charge 850
25.2.1.2 Conservation of Species 850
25.2.1.3 Energy Balance 851
25.2.1.4 Electrode Kinetics 852
25.2.2 Volume-Averaged Formulation 853
25.2.2.1 Species Conservation 854
25.2.2.2 Charge Conservation 855
25.2.2.3 Thermal Energy Conservation 855
25.2.2.4 Electrode Kinetics 856
25.2.2.5 Boundary and Initial Conditions 856
25.2.3 Pseudo-2D Model 857
25.2.4 Single Particle Model 858
25.2.5 Simplifications to Solid Phase Diffusion 858
25.3 Aging Model 859
25.4 Stress Model 861
25.5 Abuse Model 863
25.6 Life Prediction Model 865
25.7 Other Battery Technologies 866
25.7.1 Li–Air Battery 866
25.7.2 Redox Flow Battery 868
25.8 Summary and Outlook 869
Acknowledgments 870