Page 25 - Handbook of Battery Materials

XXIV Contents

Nomenclature 870
References 871

26 Mechanics of Battery Cells and Materials 877
Xiangchun Zhang, Myoungdo Chung, HyonCheol Kim, Chia-Wei Wang,
and Ann Marie Sastry
26.1 Mechanical Failure Analysis of Battery Cells and Materials:
Significance and Challenges 877
26.1.1 Introduction 877
26.1.2 Complications Associated with Analysis 878
26.1.2.1 Stochastic Microstructure of Electrode Materials 878
26.1.2.2 Multiple Physicochemical Processes 879
26.1.2.3 Multiple Length Scales and Time Scales 880
26.1.2.4 Mechanical Loads on Battery Materials 881
26.2 Key Studies in the Mechanical Analysis of Battery Materials 883
26.2.1 Identified Stresses in Battery Materials 883
26.2.1.1 Compaction/Residual Stresses due to the Manufacturing
Process 883
26.2.1.2 Intercalation-Induced Stress 884
26.2.1.3 Thermal Stress 885
26.2.1.4 Compaction due to Packaging Constraints 885
26.2.2 Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Single Electrode
Particles 886
26.2.2.1 Modeling of Intercalation-Induced Stress 886
26.2.2.2 Experimental Studies of Electrode Particles 889
26.2.3 Mechanical Stress and Electrochemical Cycling Coupling in Carbon
Fiber Electrodes 892
26.2.4 Battery Cell Modeling with Stress 893
26.2.5 Comparison of the Magnitude of Various Stresses 896
26.3 Key Issues Remaining to be Addressed 897
26.3.1 Modeling and Simulations 897
26.3.1.1 From Stress Calculation to Fracture Analysis 897
26.3.1.2 How to Account for Real Stochastic Geometry 897
26.3.1.3 Reduced-Order Models 898
26.3.2 Experimental Approaches 898
26.3.3 Remediation of Stresses 899
26.4 Outlook for the Future 900
References 901
27 Battery Safety and Abuse Tolerance 905
Daniel H. Doughty
27.1 Introduction 905
27.2 Evaluation Techniques for Batteries and Battery Materials 907
27.2.1 Electrochemical Characterization 907
27.2.2 Thermal Characterization 907