Page 8 - Handbook of Battery Materials

VII

Contents

Preface XXVII
List of Contributors XXIX

Part I Fundamentals and General Aspects of Electrochemical
Energy Storage 1

1 Thermodynamics and Mechanistics 3
Karsten Pinkwart and Jens T¨ubke
1.1 Electrochemical Power Sources 3
1.2 Electrochemical Fundamentals 6
1.2.1 Electrochemical Cell 6
1.2.2 Electrochemical Series of Metals 9
1.2.3 Discharging 11
1.2.4 Charging 12
1.3 Thermodynamics 13
1.3.1 Electrode Processes at Equilibrium 13
1.3.2 Reaction Free Energy G and Equilibrium Cell Voltage ε 00 14
1.3.3 Concentration Dependence of the Equilibrium Cell Voltage 15
1.3.4 Temperature Dependence of the Equilibrium Cell Voltage 16
1.3.5 Pressure Dependence of the Equilibrium Cell Voltage 18
1.3.6 Overpotential of Half Cells and Internal Resistance 19
1.4 Criteria for the Judgment of Batteries 21
1.4.1 Terminal Voltage 21
1.4.2 Current–Voltage Diagram 21
1.4.3 Discharge Characteristic 22
1.4.4 Characteristic Line of Charge 22
1.4.5 Overcharge Reactions 23
1.4.6 Coulometric Efficiency and Energy Efficiency 24
1.4.7 Cycle Life and Shelf Life 24
1.4.8 Specific Energy and Energy Density 25
1.4.9 Safety 25
1.4.10 Costs per Stored Watt Hour 26
References 26