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144 Susanne Günthner

18. Cf. Swales (1990) who explores genres of self-presentation and self-marketing within
academic discourse (e.g. abstracts, thesis and submission letters; i.e. letters which
accompany the article when it is first sent to an editor) and shows problems non-
native scientists from Egypt, China, Iran have with English academic genre tradi-
tions. Swales et al. (1998) reveal cross-cultural differences in argumentative pattern-
ing in student essays. Cf. also Liang’s (1991) study on cultural differences in scien-
tific reviews among German and Chinese writers. Cf. also Kniffka’s (1994) study of
‘letters to the editor across cultures’.
19. Cf. Gumperz (1982) who reveals that the genre of political speeches reveals striking
differences in rhetorical strategies used by Black and White speakers. Typical Afro-
American rhetorical strategies, such as the metaphoric use of ‘to kill someone’ for ‘de-
stroying someone’s political influence’ may lead to serious disagreement on the inter-
pretation of what is said. Cf. Günthner (1993) on cultural differences in argumentative
styles between German and Chinese speakers; Yamashita (2001) on ‘politeness styles’
in Japanese and German interactions; Scollon and Pan (2002) on stylistic differences in
conflict management strategies between East Asian and North American speakers.
20. All names have been changed.

References

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