Page 331 - How To Implement Lean Manufacturing

Glossary 305

MSA Measurement System Analysis, a statistical method to determine the usefulness of the
measurement system for both products and processes. Its chief benefit is the ability to find
and classify variation in the measurement system.
NVA Non-value-added, the opposite of VA.
OEE Overall Equipment Effectiveness. A means to numerically describe production
effectiveness, the ability to produce good product. Within OEE are characterized the three
key production losses: quality, availability, and cycle time losses.
Ohno Taiichi Ohno, long time Chief Engineer for Toyota and accepted architect of the TPS.

One piece flow This concept starts at the customer, whereby the customer purchases a single
piece and the manufacturing system should replenish only that piece. Hence the Lean system
strives to make just one piece at a time, this is true one piece flow.
Optimum, local An optimum condition for some local situation.

Optimum, system An optimum condition for the overall system, and it must not be
subordinated to any local optima.
OTED One Touch Exchange of Dies, see OTS.
OTS One Touch Setup, see OTED.
Overproduction The largest of the seven wastes, it includes all excess production and
production made too soon.
Pacemaker step The step of the process which determines the process rate and the process
model mix. It is the step where scheduling will send production orders.
Paradigm Your mental image of a concept, often developed unconsciously but paradigms
often shape how you act.
PDCA Plan-Do-Check-Act. This is the iterative process improvement cycle which is inherent
within the kaizen improvement process.

PFEP A Lean acronym, Plan for every part, used in Kanban design, for example.
PFMEA Process failure mode effects analysis, a structured process to determine, before final
design, which aspects of a process need additional controls so the production process will be
more safe, stable and have a higher yield.
Pitch A time interval equal to takt time multiplied by pack out size, normally the minimum
quantity released from the pacesetter and the practical extent to leveling, considering the
current packaging.
Poka-yoke Error proofing. For example most cars have thousands of poka yokes. While filing
your gas tank there could be several such, for example a device to connect your gas cap to
the car so you do not lose it; an automatic shutoff on the gas pump; a ratcheting device to
prevent over tightening of the gas cap; and a warning light on the door to warn you if it is
not closed properly.
PPAP Production Part Approval Process, a method developed by the Automotive Industry
Action Group, to standardize the process of obtaining customer approval of a product prior
to mass production.
Process A sequential series of steps which are designed to produce a product or a service.