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CHAPTER 6 Hybrid Thermal Recovery Using Low-Salinity and Smart Waterflood 135

experiments, respectively. In the last coreflooding, the Burger, J., Sourieau, P., & Combarnous, M. (1985). Thermal
huff and puff process using steam is implemented in methods of oil recovery, Institut français du pétrole
tertiary recovery. The secondary recovery of conven- publications. Houston Paris: Gulf Pub. Co. Éditions Technip.
tional waterflood produces oil recovery of 42%, and Latil, M. (1980). Enhanced oil recovery, Institut français du pétrole
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the tertiary application produces the ultimate recovery Lee, J. H., Jeong, M. S., & Lee, K. S. (2016). Thermo-mechanistic
of 60% (Fig. 6.4B). This experimental study clearly EOR process modelling in deploying low salinity hot water
demonstrated the high potential of hybrid process of
injection under carbonate reservoirs. In Paper presented at
steam injection and LSWF to produce the heavy oil. the international petroleum technology conference, Bangkok,
The steam injection is efficient to reduce the heavy oil Thailand, 14e16 November. https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-
viscosity, and LSWF modifies the wettability toward 18660-MS.
water-wetness. The LSASF could secure both the advan- Lo, H. Y., & Mungan, N. (1973). Effect of temperature on
tages from steam injection and LSWF. In addition to the water-oil relative permeabilities in oil-wet and water-wet
synergy, the LSASF could delay the production of steam systems. In Paper presented at the fall meeting of the society
and consume the less amount of steam to be injected. of petroleum engineers of AIME, Las Vegas, Nevada, 30
Septembere3 October. https://doi.org/10.2118/4505-MS.
Therefore, the LSASF could increase both heavy oil
Mohammadi, A. H. (2017). Heavy oil: Characteristics, production
EOR potential and economics.
and emerging technologies, petroleum science and technology.
New York: Nova Publishers.
Poston, S. W., Ysrael, S., Hossain, A. K. M. S., &
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