Page 147 - Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding

Symbols

a i and [i] Activity of the species i C i Adsorbed concentration of species i
b
Empirical ion-size parameter measuring C m Mean curvature
_ a i
effective diameter of the hydrated ion CEC Cation exchange capacity
Elementary charge Activation energy
e E a
Faraday constant
Fugacity of species i in phase j F
f i,j
Gravitational acceleration Interpolation factor
g F IF
Species Gibbs free energy
i G
Phase Change in the Gibbs free energy
j DG
Permeability o Change in the standard Gibbs free
k DG
Reaction rate constant energy of the reaction
k a
Effective molar Gibbs free energy of
Relative permeability of phase j G
k rj
HS
k Relative permeability of phase j at the solution
rj HS
high threshold salinity condition G Effective molar Gibbs free energy of
LS
k Relative permeability of phase j at the solution at the high salinity threshold
rj
low threshold salinity condition condition
LS
o Endpoint of relative permeability of Effective molar Gibbs free energy of
k G
rj
solution at the low salinity threshold
phase j
o HS
k Endpoint of relative permeability of condition
rj
phase j at the high salinity threshold H Enthalpy
condition DH Change in the enthalpy
o LS
k Endpoint of relative permeability of H i Henry’s constant of species i
rj
phase j at the low salinity threshold s Henry’s constant of species i at the
H
i
condition saturation pressure of H 2 O, tempera-
ture, and zero salinity
Salting-out coefficient of species i
k salt, i
Boltzmann constant H salt, i Henry’s constant of species i in saline
k B
k 0 Reaction rate constant at reference water
temperature I Ionic strength of the solution
Ionic activity product
Molality of species i IAP
m i
meq i-X Milliequivalent of the exchangeable K a Apparent dissociation constant
K D Partition coefficient
species i
Equilibrium constant
Number of moles of the species i K eq
n i
Pressure Intrinsic dissociation constant
p K int
Capillary pressure Solubility product
p c
HS K sp
B
p Capillary pressure at the high salinity KA = Exchange constant
c
threshold condition 0 Selectivity coefficient
B
LS
KA =
p Capillary pressure at the low salinity M Mobility ratio
c
threshold condition N A Avogadro constant
s Saturation pressure of H 2 O Bond number
p H 2 O N B
Reaction rate Capillary number
r N c
Trapping number
Partial molar volume of species i N T
v i
Charge of the ion R Ideal gas constant
z i
Resistance factor
Equilibrium concentration of species i R F
C i
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