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Phenolic Wastewater Treatment: Development and Applications of New Adsorbent Materials 349

ona largescale. These results are forthe untreatedformof thebananafruit peel.
However, after certain modifications, there may be some potential use. This
was indicated by our earlier studies with some charred forms of biomass adsor-
bents such as jute stick char (Ahmaruzzaman and Laxmi Gayatri, 2010a)and
PPC (Laxmi Gayatri and Ahmaruzzaman, 2012), which had good potential
for phenol removal.

8.4.1.2 Tea Waste Powder
The degree of adsorption of the three phenolic compounds in single solute
using TW (Figure 8.15) was not seen to be satisfactory. Consequently,
extensive study for the removal of 4-CP, 4-NP, and phenol from this indus-
trial waste when it is not subjected to any pretreatment is not warranted. In
the adsorption experiment, the adsorbent dose was varied within the range
of 0.12–1.50 g per 20 mL of the adsorbate. It was observed that the percent-
age removal of phenols increased with the increase in the adsorbent dose,
which was expected in an adsorption equilibrium, while the capacity at
1
equilibrium, q e (m g ) decreased, corresponding to the lowered concentra-
tions. There is a possibility of partial aggregation at a high adsorbent dose,
leading to a decrease in active sites.

Figure 8.15 Experimental adsorption isotherms at 298 K for the three phenolic systems
on TW.