Page 374 - Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling and Reuse

346 Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse

Figure 8.13 Effect of calcination temperature on the structure of BMO.

(model: Perkin-Elmer 2400 series II) is used for determining the percentages
of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur/oxygen in organic compounds.
The principle used is the “Dumas method,” where complete and instanta-
neous oxidation of the samples takes place by “flash combustion.” The com-
bustion products are segregated by a chromatographic column and detected
by the thermal conductivity detector, which gives the concentration of the
individual components of the mixture. The precision of the instrument
used is 1–1.5%, while the accuracy depends on the quality and the prepara-
tion of the sample.
CHN analysis study of TW showed the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
content as 45.37%, 6.04%, and 3.05%, respectively, while NL (neem leaf
powder) showed a carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content of 42.10%,
5.95%, and 3.37%, respectively. Table 8.4 provides the result of macro-
and microanalysis tests for raw untreated BP. It depicts a fairly high ash
content with low fixed carbon content, which may somehow contribute
to the low adsorption capacity of this adsorbent.