Page 136 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C03.fm Page 110 Tuesday, October 21, 2003 3:11 PM

the corresponding mass of bottling material (kg) and transport intensity
(tkm) by the EL per unit of material and transport previously given as data:

PET bottle Glass bottle
EL PET Total Glass Total
Transport Transport
–1
CO 2 (kg) 2.09 × 10 5.11 × 10 –2 2.60 ×× ×× 10 –1 4.59 × 10 –2 1.41 × 10 –1 1.87 ×× ×× 10 –1
–4
CH 4 (kg) 7.09 × 10 8.37 × 10 –5 7.93 ×× ×× 10 –4 1.10 × 10 –4 2.31 × 10 –4 3.41 ×× ×× 10 –4
The contribution in percentage is presented as follows:
PET bottle Glass bottle
EL PET Total Glass Total
Transport Transport
CO 2 (kg) 80.4 19.6 100.0 47.6 52.4 100.0
CH 4 (kg) 89.4 10.6 100.0 57.1 42.9 100.0

The amount of equivalent CO is calculated by multiplying the mass of
2
methane (CH ) by the corresponding factor and adding it to the mass of CO .
4
2
CO 2 Equivalent PET Glass
0.260 0.187
CO 2
0.049 0.021
CH 4
CO 2 TOTAL kg 0.309 0.208
Conclusion: Regarding the greenhouse effect, it is preferable to consume min-
eral water in glass bottles, in consideration of the assumptions made and the data
provided.

3.11 CASE STUDY: APPLICATION OF LCIA METHODS
IN THE MSWI PROCESS CHAIN LCA

The results of the application of the Eco-Indicator 95 method to the MSWI process
chain LCA (see Chapter 2) are shown in Table 3.12. Scenario 2, the current operation
of the incineration plant after the installation of an advanced gas treatment system,

TABLE 3.12
Differences in Impact Categories According to Eco-Indicator 95

Eco-
Pb PAH SO 2 Ind.
GWP ODP POCP NP AP equiv. equiv. equiv. 95
Difference a –10.3 –18.5 –19.5 –7.5 65.4 64.9 63.0 38.6 59.9
(%)
a (Scenario 1 – Scenario 2)/Scenario 1

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