Page 315 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C07.fm Page 286 Monday, October 20, 2003 12:10 PM

With respect to the short-range exposure, it is supposed that significant variations
are due to the population density. Nigge (2000) presents an approach to approximate
indicators according to meteorological conditions as well. Due to a lack of data and
time, only the population density is considered here. For this purpose, the population
density for all other provinces (the administrational level between region and district)
is calculated. The impact indicators are calculated using the average impact indicator
for Catalonia according to Expression 7.12. Because no distinction is made with
respect to meteorological conditions, the respective values of I near, Catalonia for the
different classes of meteorological conditions are weighted with the share of occur-
rence in the districts of Catalonia (Table 7.4).

I near, other province = I near,Catalonia . (r other province /r Catalonia ) (7.12)

Finally, it should be mentioned also that an interpolation can be carried out for
emission heights different from the given ones.

7.7 CASE STUDY: SITE-DEPENDENT IMPACT INDICATORS
USED FOR THE WASTE INCINERATION PROCESS CHAIN
In this section the impact indicators derived in Section 7.6.4 are applied to the
industrial process chain of the case study, the municipal waste incineration (MSWI)
plant of Tarragona (SIRUSA), and the related transport processes. Chapter 1
describes the data of the MSWI as well as the related transport processes. A com-
parison between the results for the applied impact indicators and the results for a
midpoint indicator is provided and discussed. Figure 7.8 shows a regional map of
Catalonia together with a physical map of Europe so that the localization of the
study can be better visualized.

7.7.1 GOAL AND SCOPE DEFINITION
Two situations and one scenario of the MSWI process chain are compared to estimate
avoided environmental damages on human health.
Scenario 1 is the basis for all comparisons. It describes the SIRUSA incinerator
in 1996, including the treatment of scrap in Madrid, ash treatment at the company
TRISA in Constantí, and the disposal of the treated ash and the slag in Pierola and
Reus, respectively. In the ash treatment plant, cement is mixed with the ash. The
ta
cement is transported from S Margarida i els Monjos.
Scenario 2 is the situation after the installation of an advanced acid gas removal
system (AGRS) in 1997. In addition to the features in Scenario 1, there is an additional
ta
transport of CaO for the acid gas treatment. CaO is transported from S Margarida
i els Monjos to the waste incinerator in Tarragona. The data for Scenarios 1 and 2
are taken from the existing LCA study (STQ, 1998) (see Chapter 2).
As a third alternative, a future scenario has been created based on the modular
model for the waste incineration process described briefly in Chapter 1. In addition
to the features in Scenario 2, a fictitious DeNox system is installed to eliminate NO x
emissions. Ammonia for this purpose is transported from the industrial area of

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