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BUTTOn CELL BATTErIES: SILVEr OxIDE–ZInC AnD ZInC-AIr SYSTEmS        13.23

                                         1.400


                                         1.300                                             Functional
                                                                                           voltage
                                         1.200
                                       Voltage, V  1.100




                                         1.000

                                         0.900


                                         0.800
                                             0       5      10     15      20     25      30
                                                              Time (seconds)
                                      FiGURE 13.19  Typical rise time for zinc/air batteries of selected tabbed OCV.



                    13.9.4  Cell internal impedance
                                The effects of discharge level and signal frequency on the internal impedance characteristics of a
                                Pr48 (13) button battery are presented in Fig. 13.20. Fresh cells have the highest impedance at low
                                frequencies. This low frequency impedance decreases with depth of discharge.


                                        10 3



                                        10 2

                                      Impedance  10 1





                                        10 0



                                       10 –1
                                           10 –1  10 0    10 1   10 2    10 3   10 4   10 5    10 6
                                                                 Frequency, Hz
                                           0 % depth of discharge  5% depth of discharge  20% depth of discharge
                                     FiGURE 13.20  Impedance vs. frequency and depth of discharge for a Pr48 (13) zinc/air battery.
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