Page 181 - MEMS Mechanical Sensors

170 Force and Torque Sensors

[28] Wolff, U., et al., “Radio Accessible SAW Sensors for Non-Contact Measurement of Torque
and Temperature,” Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 1, San Antonio, TX, Novem-
ber 3–6, 1996, pp. 359–362.
[29] Reindl, L., et al., “SAW Devices as Wireless Passive Sensors,” Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Sym-
posium, Vol. 1, San Antonio, TX, November 3–6, 1996, pp. 363–367.
[30] Beckley, J., et al., “Non-Contact Torque Sensors Based on SAW Arrays,” Proc. IEEE Int.
Frequency Control Symp., New Orleans, LA, May 29–31, 2002, pp. 202–213.
[31] Jerems, F., et al., “A New Generation Non-Torsion Bar Torque Sensors for Electromechani-
cal Power Steering Applications,” Proc. Intl. Congress on Electronic Systems for Vehicles,
Baden Baden, Germany, September 27–28, 2001, pp. 202–212.
[32] Londsdale, A., “Dynamic Rotary Torque Measurement Using Surface Acoustic Waves,”
Sensors Express, Vol. 18, No. 10, 2001, pp. 51–55.
[33] Sachs, T., et al., “Remote Sensing Using Quartz Sensors,” Smart Structures and Materials:
Smart Sensing, Processing, and Instrumentation Conference, San Diego, CA, February
26–28, 1996, SPIE, Vol. 2718, 1996, pp. 47–58.
[34] Pohl, A., G. Ostermayer, and F. Seifert, “Wireless Sensing Using Oscillator Circuits Locked
to Remote High-Q SAW Resonators,” IEEE Trans. on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Fre-
quency Control, Vol. 45, No. 5, 1998, pp. 1161–1168.
[35] Grossmann, R., et al., “Measurement of Mechanical Quantities Using Quartz Sensors,”
Proc. 10th European Frequency Time Forum, Brighton, England, March 5–7, 1996, IEE
Conf. Publ. No. 418, pp. 376–381.
[36] Nakayama, T., and E. Suda, “The Present and Future of Electric Power Steering,” Intl. J.
Vehicle Design, Vol. 15, No. 3–5, 1994, pp. 243–254.
[37] Zabler, E., et al., “A Non-Contact Strain-Gage Torque Sensor for Automotive Servo-Driven
Steering Systems,” Sensors and Actuators, Vol. A41, No. 1–3, 1994, pp. 39–46.
[38] Fleming, W. J., “Automotive Torque Measurement: A Summary of Seven Different Meth-
ods,” IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, Vol. VT-31, No. 3, 1982, pp. 117–124.
[39] Mörbe, M., and C. von Hörsten, “Force and Torque Sensors,” in Sensors for Automotive
Technology, J. Marek, et al. (eds.), Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2003,
pp. 450–462.
[40] Hazelden, R. J., “High Integrity Optical Torque Sensor for Electric Power Steering Sys-
tems,” Proc. of Int. Conf. Advanced Measurement Technique and Sensory Systems for
Automotive Applications, Ancona, Italy, June 29–30, 1995, pp. 329–337.
[41] Hazelden, R. J., “Optical Torque Sensor for Automotive Steering Systems,” Sensors and
Actuators, Vol. A37–38, 1993, pp. 193–197.
[42] Javahiraly, N., et al., “An Ultra Sensitive Polarimetric Torque Sensor,” Thermosense XXIV
Conf., Orlando, FL, April 1–4, 2002, SPIE, Vol. 4710, 2002, pp. 721–727.
[43] Chung D., et al., “A Birefringent Torque Sensor for Motors,” Proc. Three-Dimensional
Imaging, Optical Metrology, and Inspection IV, Boston, MA, November 2–3, 1998, SPIE,
Vol. 3520, 1998, pp. 254–261.
[44] Spooncer, R. C., R. Heger, and B. E. Jones, “Non-Contacting Torque Measurement by a
Modified Moiré Fringe Method,” Sensors and Actuators, Vol. A31, No. 1–3, 1992, pp.
178–181.
[45] Mortara, A., et al., “An Opto-Electronic 18b/Revolution Absolute Angle and Torque Sen-
sor for Automotive Steering Applications,” IEEE Intl. Conf. Solid-State Circuits, San Fran-
cisco, CA, February 7–9, 2000, pp. 182–183, 445.
[46] Hatamura, Y., T. Nagao, and Y. Watanabe, “Development of a Tool-Holder Type Torque
Sensor,” Proc. 5th Intl. Conf. on Production Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, July 1984,
pp. 124–129.
[47] Halmai, A., and A. Huba, “Miniaturised Optoelectronic Torque Sensor,” Proc. Joint Hun-
garian British Int. Mechatronics Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21–23, 1994,
pp. 273–278.