Page 305 - Managing Global Warming

Hydropower 8

˚
Anund Killingtveit 1
Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
1
Corresponding author: anund.killingtveit@ntnu.no

Chapter Outline

8.1 Introduction 266
8.2 Hydropower generation—Theory 267
8.3 Technology 269
8.3.1 Hydropower project classification 270
8.3.2 Run-of-river hydropower plants 271
8.3.3 Storage hydropower plants 271
8.3.4 Pumped-storage hydropower plants 271
8.3.5 In-stream (hydrokinetic) hydropower plants 272
8.4 Classification according to size—Small and large hydro 272
8.5 Cutting-edge technology 273
8.5.1 Extending operational regime for turbines 274
8.5.2 Utilizing low or very low head—Unpowered dams 274
8.5.3 Fish-friendly hydropower plants 275
8.5.4 Tunneling and underground power plants 275
8.5.5 Surge tanks in hydropower plants 279
8.6 Hydropower resources—Potential 279
8.6.1 Definition of potential 279
8.6.2 Global and regional overview 280
8.7 Existing generation—Regional and global status 283
8.7.1 Historical trends in hydropower production 283
8.7.2 Countries with highest hydropower production 285
8.7.3 Share of hydropower in the global energy mix 286
8.7.4 Share of hydropower from small and large hydro 288
8.8 Cost issues 289
8.9 Integration into broader energy system 296
8.9.1 Energy management services 297
8.9.2 Energy storage 298
8.9.3 Pumped-storage hydro 299
8.9.4 Role in water management 299
8.10 Sustainability issues 301
8.10.1 Environmental and social impacts 302
8.10.2 Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint 302
8.10.3 Energy payback 304
8.10.4 Water consumption and water footprint 306
8.10.5 Sediment issues and reservoir sedimentation 308

Managing Global Warming. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814104-5.00008-9
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