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248 � notes

http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/cliff-kuang/design-innovation/samsung-
invents-worlds-first-gesture-sensing-hologram (retrieved 2/28/10). See also http:
//news.yahoo.com/s/ynews/20081104/pl_ynews/ynews_pl132.
7. Greg Kaiser, personal interview with the authors, 12/12/09.
8. Charlotte “Lani” Gunawardena, personal interview with the authors, 2/25/10.
This section also draws from Charlotte Gunawardena, “Social Presence Theory
and Implications for Interaction and Collaboration in Computer Conferences,”
International Journal of Educational Telecommunications 1, no. 2–3 (1995):
147–166. See also Charlotte Gunawardena and Frank Zittle, “Social Presence
as a Predictor of Satisfaction within a Computer-Mediated Conferencing
Environment,” The American Journal of Distance Education 11, no. 3 (1997):
8–26; Charlotte Gunawardena, Fadwa Bouachrine, Ahmed Idrissi Alami, and
Gayathri Jayatilleki, “Cultural Perspectives on Social Presence: A Study of
Online Chatting in Morocco and Sri Lanka,” In American Educational Research
Association 2006 Annual Meeting. San Francisco, 2006; Tu Chih-Hsiung, “How
Chinese Perceive Social Presence: An Examination of Interaction in Online
Learning Environment,” Educational Media International 38, no. 1 (2001): 45–
60; Jennifer Richardson and Karen Swan, “Examining Social Presence in Online
Courses in Relation to Students’ Perceived Learning and Satisfaction,” Journal of
Asynchronous Learning Networks 7, no. 1 (2003): 68–88.

9. For a foundational discussion of social presence, see Charlotte Gunawardena,
“Social Presence Theory and Implications for Interaction and Collaboration in
Computer Conferences,” International Journal of Educational Telecommunications
1, no. 2–3 (1995): 147–166.
10. Belle Linda Halpern and Kathy Lubar, Leadership Presence: Dramatic Techniques
to Reach Out, Motivate, and Inspire (New York: Gotham Books, 2003). See also
Steve Kayser, “What Exactly Is ‘Leadership Presence’?” Expert Access, 9/7/09,
http://expertaccess.cincom.com/2009/09/what-exactly-is-leadership-presence/,
(retrieved 7-20-10); and Julie A. Fleming, “4 Steps to Growing Your Leadership
Presence,” Ezine @rticles, http://ezinearticles.com/?4-Steps-to-Growing-Your-
Leadership-Presence&id=2343891 (retrieved 7/20/10).
11. Richard L. Hughes, Robert C. Ginnett, and Gordon J. Curphy, Leadership:
Enhancing the Lessons of Experience, 6th ed. (Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009).

12. James C. Collins, Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap—and Others
Don’t, 1st ed. (New York: HarperBusiness, 2001).

` ChApter 4

1. Peter DeNagy, personal interviews with the authors, 12/16/09 and 12/22/09.

2. Bob Grassberger, personal interview with Michael Kroth, 10/26/09.