Page 401 - 04. Subyek Engineering Materials - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology SI 6th Edition - Serope Kalpakjian, Stephen Schmid (2009)

Sheet-Metal

Forming Processes

and Equipment

I6.! introduction 38|
° This chapter describes the important characteristics of sheet metals and the I6.2 Shearing 382
forming processes employed to produce a wide variety of products. l6.3 Sheet-metal Characteris-
tics and Formability 392
° The chapter opens with a discussion of the shearing operation, a process that
l6.4 Formability Tests for
takes place to cut sheet metal into blanks of desired shapes or to remove
Sheet Metals 394
portions of the material such as for holes or slots. |6.5 Bending Sheets, Plates,
and Tubes 397
° A discussion of sheet-metal formability follows, with special emphasis on the
l6.6 Miscellaneous
specific metal properties that affect formability.
Bending and Related
' The chapter then presents various bending operations for sheets, plates, and Operations 40|
I6.1 Deep Drawing 407
tubes, as well as operations such as stretch forming, rubber forming, spinning,
I6.8 Rubber Forming and
peen forming, and superplastic forming.
Hydroforming 4|3
° The important process of deep drawing is then described, along with deep l6.9 Spinning 4I7
l6.|0 Superplastic
drawability, as it relates to the production of containers with thin walls.
Forming 420
° The chapter ends with a discussion of part designs, equipment characteristics, |6.l I Specialized Forming
and the economic considerations for all these operations. Processes 42|
l6.l2 Manufacturing of
Typical parts made by sheet-metal forming: Car bodies, aircraft fuselages, trailers, Metal Honeycomb
office furniture, appliances, fuel tanks, and cookware. Structures 426
I6. I 3 Design Considerations
Alternative process: Die casting, thermoforming, pultrusion, injection molding, in Sheet-metal
blow molding. Forming 428
l6.l4 Equipment for Sheet-
metal Forming 430
l6.I5 Economics of Sheet-
l6.l Introduction forming Operations 43|
EXAMPLES:
Products made of sheet metals are all around us. They include a very wide range of
l6.l Calculation of Punch
consumer and industrial products, such as beverage cans, cookware, file cabinets, Force 385
metal desks, appliances, car bodies, trailers, and aircraft fuselages (Fig. 16.1). Sheet l6.2 Tailor-welded Sheet
forming dates back to about 5000 B.C., when household utensils and jewelry were Metal for Automotive
Applications 388
made by hammering and stamping gold, silver, and copper. Compared to those
made by casting and by forging, sheet-metal parts offer the advantages of light CASE STUDIES:
weight and versatile shape. l6.I Manufacturing of Food
and Beverage Cans 4I2
As described throughout this chapter, there are numerous processes employed
|6.2 Tube Hydroforming of an
for making sheet-metal parts. However, the term pressworking or press forming is
Automotive Radiator
used commonly in industry to describe general sheet-forming operations, because Closure 4|5
they typically are performed on presses (described in Sections 14.8 and 16.14) using a l6.3 Cymbal Manufacture 424
38|

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