Page 608 - Marine Structural Design

5 84 Part V Risk Assessment

ABS (1998) issued “Guidance Notes on the Application of Ergonomics to Marine Systems”,
which cover the following topics:
. Alarms, displays, control actuators and their integration
Valve mounting heights and orientations
Labeling for panels, pipinglelectrical systems, componedhazard identifications
Stairs, vertical ladders, walkways and platforms
Accommodation spaces, ventilation, temperature, humidity, noise, illumination and noise
Applications of ergonomics in design

Step 4 is to determine the worst case operating scenario, e.g. the extreme temperature and
noise.
The target of these 4 steps process is to design the right shape, size, arrangement, layout,
labeling, color etc. so that the human may safely and effectively conduct the task defined in
step 1.

33.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QNQC)

Quality Assurance (QA) is those practices and procedures that are designed to help assure that
an acceptable degree of quality is maintained. Quality Control (QC) is associated with the
implementation and verification of the QA practices and procedures.
As a general reference on quality, reference is made to Bergman and Kjefsjo (1994). This
book discusses the importance of quality for survival in business, and control of quality in
design and production phases to meet customers expectation. It concluded with discussions on
how leadership may influence the process and improve quality continuously.
Bea et al(1997) gave a comprehensive discussion on QMQC strategies, and its applications in
jacket structures and operating safety of offshore structures and in-services inspection & repair,
trends in Norwegian offshore operations. They also outlined the international safety
management (ISM) code, their proposed safety & quality information systems.
QNQC procedures include those:
Put in place before the activity (prevention)