Page 22 - Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction

xviii • Contents

Important Terms and Concepts 629 17.5 Passivity 698
References 629 17.6 Environmental Effects 699
Questions and Problems 629 17.7 Forms of Corrosion 699
Design Questions 633 17.8 Corrosion Environments 707
Fundamentals of Engineering Question 633 17.9 Corrosion Prevention 707
17.10 Oxidation 709
16. Composites 634 CORROSION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS 712
Learning Objectives 635 DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS 713
16.1 Introduction 635 17.11 Swelling and Dissolution 713
PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES 637 17.12 Bond Rupture 715
17.13 Weathering 716
16.2 Large-Particle Composites 637
16.3 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites 641 Summary 717
Equation Summary 719
FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES 642 List of Symbols 719
16.4 Influence of Fiber Length 642 Important Terms and Concepts 720
16.5 Influence of Fiber Orientation and References 720
Concentration 643 Questions and Problems 721
16.6 The Fiber Phase 651 Design Problems 723
16.7 The Matrix Phase 653 Fundamentals of Engineering Questions and
16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites 653 Problems 724
16.9 Metal-Matrix Composites 659 18. Electrical Properties 725
16.10 Ceramic-Matrix Composites 660
16.11 Carbon–Carbon Composites 662 Learning Objectives 726
16.12 Hybrid Composites 662 18.1 Introduction 726
16.13 Processing of Fiber-Reinforced ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION 726
Composites 663
18.2 Ohm’s Law 726
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES 665
18.3 Electrical Conductivity 727
16.14 Laminar Composites 665 18.4 Electronic and Ionic Conduction 728
16.15 Sandwich Panels 667 18.5 Energy Band Structures in
Case Study—Use of Composites in the Solids 728
Boeing 787 Dreamliner 669 18.6 Conduction in Terms of Band and
16.16 Nanocomposites 670 Atomic Bonding Models 730
Summary 673 18.7 Electron Mobility 732
Equation Summary 675 18.8 Electrical Resistivity of Metals 733
List of Symbols 676 18.9 Electrical Characteristics of Commercial
Important Terms and Concepts 676 Alloys 736
References 676 Materials of Importance—Aluminum
Questions and Problems 676 Electrical Wires 736
Design Problems 679
Fundamentals of Engineering Questions and SEMICONDUCTIVITY 738
Problems 680 18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction 738
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction 741
18.12 The Temperature Dependence of Carrier
17. Corrosion and Degradation Concentration 744
of Materials 681
18.13 Factors That Affect Carrier
Learning Objectives 682 Mobility 745
17.1 Introduction 682 18.14 The Hall Effect 749
18.15 Semiconductor Devices 751
CORROSION OF METALS 683
17.2 Electrochemical Considerations 683 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN IONIC CERAMICS
17.3 Corrosion Rates 689 AND IN POLYMERS 757
17.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates 691 18.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials 758