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32                                                          Chapter 1








         The torsion equilibrium equation is:







         By applying the boundary conditions:







          the angular deformation can be written as:






          Similar to  the  case of axial loading,  the  torsion moment of Eq.  (1.111) is
          determined as:





          where the torsion stiffness is:







             The torsion moment  of inertia of Eq.  (1.117) can  be calculated according
          to two different models, depending on the relationship between the thickness
          t and  the width w.  For  very  thin  members  (t << w),  Boresi,  Schmidt and
          Sidebottom [1]  suggest:





          whereas for members  where t  < w,  simply, the  moment of  inertia can  be
          approximated to:
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