Page 233 - Multifunctional Photocatalytic Materials for Energy

216 Multifunctional Photocatalytic Materials for Energy

Preindustrial value 280 0 0.1–1 0 −1 290 3.44 415 Low

Current status 387 1.5 >100 121 8.5–9.5 283 2.90 2600 11.7 To be determined To be determined

Proposed boundary 350 1 10 35 11 276 2.75 4000 15

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (parts per million
Extinction rate (number of species per million species per year)

Change in radiative forcing (watts per meter squared)

(millions of tonnes per year) Amount of N 2 removed from the atmosphere for human use Quantity of P flowing into the oceans (millions of tonnes per Concentration of ozone (Dobson unit) Global mean saturation state of aragonite in surface sea water Consumption of freshwater by humans (km 3 per year) Per

by volume)
Parameters
Planetary boundaries (i) (ii) year)

Table 10.1 Earth-system process Climate change Rate of biodiversity loss Nitrogen cycle (part of a boundary with the phosphorus cycle) Phosphorus cycle (part of a boundary with the nitrogen cycle) Stratospheric ozone depletion Ocean acidification Global freshwater use Change in land use Atmospheric aerosol loadi