Page 11 - Physical chemistry eng

x CONTENTS

27.8 Selection Rules and Infrared versus Raman 30.4 Physical Meaning of the Boltzmann
Activity 708 Distribution Law 784
27.9 (Supplemental) Using the Projection Operator 30.5 The Definition of b 785
Method to Generate MOs That Are Bases for
Irreducible Representations 709
31 Ensemble and Molecular Partition
Functions 793
28 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
31.1 The Canonical Ensemble 793
Spectroscopy 715
31.2 Relating Q to q for an Ideal Gas 795
28.1 Intrinsic Nuclear Angular Momentum and
31.3 Molecular Energy Levels 797
Magnetic Moment 715
31.4 Translational Partition Function 797
28.2 The Energy of Nuclei of Nonzero Nuclear Spin
31.5 Rotational Partition Function: Diatomics 800
in a Magnetic Field 717
31.6 Rotational Partition Function: Polyatomics 807
28.3 The Chemical Shift for an Isolated Atom 719
31.7 Vibrational Partition Function 809
28.4 The Chemical Shift for an Atom Embedded in a
Molecule 720 31.8 The Equipartition Theorem 814
28.5 Electronegativity of Neighboring Groups and 31.9 Electronic Partition Function 815
Chemical Shifts 721 31.10 Review 819
28.6 Magnetic Fields of Neighboring Groups and
Chemical Shifts 722
32 Statistical Thermodynamics 825
28.7 Multiplet Splitting of NMR Peaks Arises
through Spin–Spin Coupling 723 32.1 Energy 825
28.8 Multiplet Splitting When More Than Two Spins 32.2 Energy and Molecular Energetic Degrees of
Interact 728 Freedom 829
28.9 Peak Widths in NMR Spectroscopy 730 32.3 Heat Capacity 833
28.10 Solid-State NMR 732 32.4 Entropy 837
28.11 NMR Imaging 732 32.5 Residual Entropy 842
28.12 (Supplemental)The NMR Experiment in the 32.6 Other Thermodynamic Functions 843
Laboratory and Rotating Frames 734 32.7 Chemical Equilibrium 847
28.13 (Supplemental) Fourier Transform NMR
Spectroscopy 736
33 Kinetic Theory of Gases 857
28.14 (Supplemental) Two-Dimensional NMR 740
33.1 Kinetic Theory of Gas Motion and Pressure 857
33.2 Velocity Distribution in One Dimension 858
29 Probability 747 33.3 The Maxwell Distribution of Molecular
29.1 Why Probability? 747 Speeds 862
29.2 Basic Probability Theory 748 33.4 Comparative Values for Speed Distributions:
n ave , n , and n rms 864
mp
29.3 Stirling’s Approximation 750
33.5 Gas Effusion 866
29.4 Probability Distribution Functions 757
33.6 Molecular Collisions 868
29.5 Probability Distributions Involving Discrete and
Continuous Variables 759 33.7 The Mean Free Path 872
29.6 Characterizing Distribution Functions 762
34 Transport Phenomena 877
30 The Boltzmann Distribution 771 34.1 What Is Transport? 877
34.2 Mass Transport: Diffusion 879
30.1 Microstates and Configurations 771
34.3 The Time Evolution of a Concentration
30.2 Derivation of the Boltzmann Distribution 777
Gradient 882
30.3 Dominance of the Boltzmann Distribution 782
34.4 (Supplemental) Statistical View of Diffusion 884