Page 8 - Physical chemistry eng
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CONTENTS vii
11 Electrochemical Cells, Batteries, 13.3 Waves Are Conveniently Represented as
Complex Functions 317
and Fuel Cells 259
13.4 Quantum Mechanical Waves and the Schrödinger
11.1 The Effect of an Electrical Potential on the Equation 318
Chemical Potential of Charged Species 259 13.5 Solving the Schrödinger Equation: Operators,
11.2 Conventions and Standard States in Observables, Eigenfunctions, and Eigenvalues 320
Electrochemistry 261 13.6 The Eigenfunctions of a Quantum Mechanical
11.3 Measurement of the Reversible Cell Operator Are Orthogonal 322
Potential 264 13.7 The Eigenfunctions of a Quantum Mechanical
11.4 Chemical Reactions in Electrochemical Cells Operator Form a Complete Set 324
and the Nernst Equation 264 13.8 Summing Up the New Concepts 326
11.5 Combining Standard Electrode Potentials to
Determine the Cell Potential 266
14 The Quantum Mechanical
11.6 Obtaining Reaction Gibbs Energies and
Reaction Entropies from Cell Potentials 267 Postulates 331
11.7 The Relationship between the Cell EMF and the 14.1 The Physical Meaning Associated with the Wave
Equilibrium Constant 268 Function Is Probability 332
11.8 Determination of Eº and Activity Coefficients 14.2 Every Observable Has a Corresponding
Using an Electrochemical Cell 270 Operator 333
11.9 Cell Nomenclature and Types of 14.3 The Result of an Individual Measurement 334
Electrochemical Cells 270 14.4 The Expectation Value 334
11.10 The Electrochemical Series 272 14.5 The Evolution in Time of a Quantum
11.11 Thermodynamics of Batteries and Fuel Cells 272 Mechanical System 338
11.12 The Electrochemistry of Commonly Used 14.6 Do Superposition Wave Functions Really Exist? 338
Batteries 273
11.13 Fuel Cells 277
15 Using Quantum Mechanics on
11.14 (Supplemental) Electrochemistry at the Atomic
Simple Systems 343
Scale 280
11.15 (Supplemental) Using Electrochemistry for 15.1 The Free Particle 343
Nanoscale Machining 286 15.2 The Particle in a One-Dimensional Box 345
11.16 (Supplemental) Absolute Half-Cell Potentials 287 15.3 Two- and Three-Dimensional Boxes 349
15.4 Using the Postulates to Understand the Particle in
12 From Classical to Quantum the Box and Vice Versa 350
Mechanics 293
16 The Particle in the Box and the
12.1 Why Study Quantum Mechanics? 293
Real World 361
12.2 Quantum Mechanics Arose out of the Interplay
of Experiments and Theory 294 16.1 The Particle in the Finite Depth Box 361
12.3 Blackbody Radiation 295 16.2 Differences in Overlap between Core and Valence
Electrons 362
12.4 The Photoelectric Effect 296
16.3 Pi Electrons in Conjugated Molecules Can Be
12.5 Particles Exhibit Wave-Like Behavior 298
Treated as Moving Freely in a Box 363
12.6 Diffraction by a Double Slit 300
16.4 Why Does Sodium Conduct Electricity and Why
12.7 Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Model of the Is Diamond an Insulator? 364
Hydrogen Atom 303
16.5 Traveling Waves and Potential Energy Barriers 365
16.6 Tunneling through a Barrier 367
13 The Schrödinger Equation 309 16.7 The Scanning Tunneling Microscope and the
13.1 What Determines If a System Needs to Be Atomic Force Microscope 369
Described Using Quantum Mechanics? 309 16.8 Tunneling in Chemical Reactions 374
13.2 Classical Waves and the Nondispersive Wave 16.9 (Supplemental) Quantum Wells and
Equation 313 Quantum Dots 375
