Page 10 - Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook

Centrifugal Compressor Data . . . . . . . . . . 278 How to calculate the weight of gas in a pipeline . . . . . 305
Estimate average pressure in gas pipeline using up
Centrifugal compressor performance calculations . . . . 278
and downstream pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Nomographs for estimating compressor
Chart for determining viscosity of natural gas . . . . . . . 306
performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Flow of gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Estimate hp required to compress natural gas . . . . . . 287
Multi-phase flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Estimate compressor hp where discharge pressure is
Nomograph for calculating Reynolds number for
1,000psi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
compressible flow friction factor for clean steel
Calculate brake horsepower required to compress
and wrought iron pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
How to find the size fuel gas line for a compressor
station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Estimate engine cooling water requirements . . . . . . . 289 12: Liquids—General, 318
Estimate fuel requirements for internal combustion
engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Determining the viscosity of crude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Estimating fuel requirements for compressor Chart gives API gravity of blends quickly . . . . . . . . . . 320
installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 Liquid gravity and density conversion chart . . . . . . . . 321
Nomograph for calculating viscosities of liquid
hydrocarbons at high pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
11: Gas—Hydraulics, 291 Calculate viscosity of a blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Calculate gravity of a blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Gas pipeline hydraulics calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Convert viscosity units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Equivalent lengths for multiple lines based on Convert specific gravity to API gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Panhandle A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Calculate bulk modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Determine pressure loss for a low-pressure gas Viscosities of hydrocarbon liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Nomograph for calculating viscosity of slurries . . . . . . 325
Nomograph for determining pipe-equivalent Nomograph for calculating velocity of liquids in
factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
How much gas is contained in a given line Nomograph for calculating velocity of compressible
section? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 fluids in pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
How to estimate equivalent length factors for gas Nomograph for calculating velocity of liquids in
lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Estimating comparative capacities of gas pipelines . . . 297 Derivation of basic ultrasonic flow equations . . . . . . . 330
Determination of leakage from gas line using pressure How fast does oil move in a pipeline? . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
drop method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Estimate the volume of a pipeline per linear foot
A quick way to determine size of gas gathering using the inside diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 What is the linefill of a given pipe in barrels per
Energy conversion data for estimating . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 mile? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
How to estimate time required to get a shut-in test on Estimate leakage amount through small holes in a
gas transmission lines and approximate a maximum pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
acceptable pressure loss for new lines . . . . . . . . . . 299 Table gives velocity heads for various pipe diameters
How to determine the relationship of capacity and different rates of discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
increase to investment increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Estimate pipe size requirements for increasing
throughput volumes of natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Calculate line loss using cross-sectional areas table 13: Liquids—Hydraulics, 335
when testing mains with air or gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Marine Hose Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Flow of fuel gases in pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Calculate the velocity of gas in a pipeline . . . . . . . . . . 303 CALM system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Determining throat pressure in a blow-down SALM system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Tandem system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Estimate the amount of gas blown off through a line Multi-point mooring system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
puncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Pressure loss in hose string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
A practical way to calculate gas flow for pipelines . . . . 304 Pressure drop calculations for rubber hose . . . . . . . . . 341

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