Page 7 - Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook

Pipeline Pigging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Average pipelay table—On supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Allowable pipe span between supports . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Sizing plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
How engineers make pipe fit the ditch . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Caliper pigging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Cleaning after construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Pipe Lowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Flooding for hydrotest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
How to lower an existing pipeline that is still in
Dewatering and drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Estimate volume of onshore oil spill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Estimating spill volume on water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
When should steel be preheated before welding? . . . . 56
Welding and brazing temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2: Construction, 34 Mechanical properties of pipe welding rods . . . . . . . . 57
Lens shade selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Project Scoping Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Pipeline Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Project scoping data worksheet for major facilities . . . 35
How many welds will the average welder make per
Right-of-Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 hour? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
How much welding rod is required for a mile of
How to determine the crop acreage included in a schedule 40 pipeline? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
right-of-way strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Clearing and grading right-of-way: labor/equipment How many pounds of electrodes are required per 67
weld on line pipe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Estimating manhours for removing trees . . . . . . . . . . 37 Welding criteria permit safe and effective pipeline 68
repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estimating manhours for removing tree stumps . . . . . 37 Cross country pipeline—vertical down electrode
Clearing and grading right-of-way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
consumption, pounds of electrode per joint . . . . . . 74
Ditching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Guidelines for a successful directional crossing bid
package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
How many cubic yards of excavation in a mile of
ditch? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Shrinkage and expansion of excavated and compacted
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3: Pipe Design, 83
Ditching and trenching: labor/equipment
considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Steel pipe design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Properties of pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Concrete Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Length of pipe in bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Calculation of pipe bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
How to approximate sacks of cement needed to fill a
Spacing of pipe supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
American standard taper pipe threads . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
What you should know about mixing and finishing
British standard taper pipe threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Normal engagement between male and female
Pipe Laying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 threads to make tight joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Hand-held computer calculates pipe weight, contents,
How to determine the degrees of bend in a pipe that velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
must fit a ditch calling for a bend in both Formulas and constants of value in solving problems
horizontal and vertical planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 relating to tubular goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
How to bend pipe to fit ditch—sags, overbends and How to calculate the contraction or expansion of a
combination bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Pipe bending computations made with hand-held Estimate weight of pipe in metric tons per
calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 kilometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Calculate maximum bend on cold pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 How to find pipe weight from outside diameter and
Determine length of a pipe bend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 wall thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Length of pipe in arc subtended by any angle . . . . . . 47 What is the maximum allowable length of
Average pipelay table—Underground . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 unsupported line pipe? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

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