Page 100 - Plant design and economics for chemical engineers

78 PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS

TABLE7
Key aspects of U.S. federal environmental regulation
Based on Title 40 of the CFR

Title 40-Protection of Environment
Chapter IIEnvironmental Protection Agency
Part Subchapter A-General
6 Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements (Information for the designer in
preparing an EIA.)
Subchapter C-Air Programs
50 National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards
53 Ambient air monitoring reference and equivalent methods
60 Standards of performance for new stationary sources
61 National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants
81 Air quality control regions, criteria, and control techniques
Subchapter D-Water Programs
112 Oil pollution prevention
120 Water quality standards
122 Thermal discharges
128 Pretreatment standards
129 Toxic pollutant effluent standards
133 Secondary treatment information
Subchapter E-Pesticide Programs
Subchapter H-Ocean Dumping
Subchapter N-Effluent Guidelines and Standards
Chapter IV-Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board
Chapter V-Council on Environmental Quality
Part
1500 Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements: guidelines

that could result in further time delays when negotiating with the regulatory
agencies issuing the many required construction permits.
It becomes clear that environmental considerations not only can play a
major factor in the choice of selecting a plant site but can also be quite costly.
The American Petroleum Institute? has estimated that the preparation of an
EIA for each site considered may range from $50,000 for small projects to $1.5
million for a large petroleum refinery. On the other hand, a detailed environ-
mental assessment may quickly eliminate possible sites because of their highly
restrictive standards.

tThe Economic Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Petroleum Industry-Phase II Study,
American Petroleum Institute, June 11, 1976.