Page 327 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Electrolyte e −
N N Ion
H N H
H
Polymer monomers In situ
Mix with polymerization

C-LFP

Crosslinker Initiator Current collector
(A)

Si powder AA monomer Hydrogen bonds

ANI monomer PAA networks PANI chains
(B)

K
O O S O K O S O K O
4
Electronic conductivity (S/cm) 10 10 −1 1 0 0.8 S/cm 3×10 S/cm O K O + Reduction S Li + S O K S O S O K e O S − PPBT+ me + mLi O + K O
10
Polymer/carbon = 50:50 wt%
3
10
S
2
19 S/cm
10
S
-
10
O
O
K
−2
10
−3
10
K
O
4
−4
10
O
–
−5
10
m
Li m PPBT
−6
10
4
4×10 S/cm
−7
10
−8
10
PVDF PVDF/C PPBT PPBT/C Negative bipolaron O K O O K O S S O O S – Li +
(C) K
Fig. 10.7 (A) Structural features of lithium iron phosphate/cross-linked polypyrrole (C-LFP/
C-PPy) hybrid gel framework, (B) formation process of the 3-D conductive PAA/PANI IPN
binder for Si anodes, (C) conjugated poly[3-(potassium-4-butanoate)thiophene] (PPBT) as a
binder for Fe 3 O 4 anode, comparison of electronic conductivity between PVDF and PPBT
system, and illustration of PPBT electronic and chemical structure changes during reduction
(n-doping).
A: Reproduced with permission from Shi Y, Zhou X, Zhang J, Bruck AM, Bond AC,
Marschilok AC, et al. Nanostructured conductive polymer gels as a general framework material
to improve electrochemical performance of cathode materials in Li-ion batteries. Nano Lett
2017;17(3):1906–14. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society; B: Reproduced with
permission from Yu X, Yang H, Meng H, Sun Y, Zheng J, Ma D, et al. Three-dimensional
conductive gel network as an effective binder for high-performance Si electrodes in lithium-ion
batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015;7(29):15961–7. Copyright 2015 American
Chemical Society; C: Kwon YH, Minnici K, Huie MM, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES, Marschilok
AC, et al. Electron/ion transport enhancer in high capacity Li-ion battery anodes. Chem Mater
2016;28(18):6689–97. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.