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                                                            Power electronic control in electrical systems 129

                      The evaluation of equations (4.42)±(4.44) and (4.53)±(4.56) are repeated in sequence
                      until the desired change in power injection (power mismatch) DP and DQ are within a
                      small tolerance, e.g. e ˆ 10  12
                        As the process approaches the solution, the linearized equation (4.44) becomes
                      more and more accurate and convergence is very rapid. Figure 4.15 gives the overall
                      flow diagram for the power flow Newton±Raphson method.




























































                      Fig. 4.15 Flow diagram for power flow Newton±Raphson method.
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