Page 32 - Renewable Energy Devices and System with Simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS

Solar Power Sources: PV, Concentrated PV, and Concentrated Solar Power 19

46.0% 44.4% 38.8% 37.9% 34.1% 31.6% 29.1% 28.8% 27.6% 27.5% 25.6% 25.0% 23.3% 22.3% 22.1% 22.1% 21.3% 21.2% 13.6% 12.6% 11.9% 11.5% 11.3% 10.6% (Rev. 04-20.2016) 2020

Fraunhofer ISE/Soitec Alta Devices LG Electronics SunPower (large-area) NREL (14.7x) Solexel ZSW Solar Frontier First Solar KRICT/UNIST First Solar EPFL Trina Solar Solibro Solar Froniter GE Global Research AIST Hong Kong UST U.Toronto U.Toronto U.Toronto

Soitec NREL NREL (4-J, 327x) Boeing- Spectrolab (5-J) Sharp (IMM) NREL (467x) Alta Devices ZSW KRICT KRICT IBM IBM UCLA-Sumitomo Chem. MIT 2015

Sharp (IMM, 302x) (4-J, 297x) Solar Junction Soitec (4-J, 319x) Sharp (IMM) NREL Alta Devices Panasonic Panasonic Alta Devices NREL (15.4x) NREL Solexel First Solar GE Global Research EPFL NIMS Sharp Heliatek UCLA Sumi- U.Toronto (PbS-QD) NREL (ZnO/PbS-QD)

Spire Semiconductor (LM, 942x) (MM, 406×) Solar NREL (IMM, 325.7x) Junction (LM, 418x) FhG-ISE (117x) (232x) FhG-ISE Panasonic ZSW EMPA (Flex poly) ISFH Fraunhofer ISE First Solar Mitsubishi Chem. LG Electronics IBM IBM Konarka tomo Heliatek 2010

Boeing- Spectrolab (LM, 364×) Fraunhofer ISE (MM, 454×) Boeing-Spectorlab (MM, 240×) Boeing- Spectrolab Sharp (IMM) NEEL (IMM) IES-UPM (1026x) Radboun U. FhG-ISE Amonix (92x) Sanyo Sanyo NREL NREL U.Stuttgart United Solar (asi/ncSi/ncSi) Solarmer NREL/Konarka Konarka U.Linz Plextronics U.Dresden

Spectrolab (MM, 299×) Boeing-Spectorlab (MM, 179×) NREL (IMM) NREL Boeing- Spectrolab Spectrolab Rabdoud U. FhG-ISE Sanyo Sanyo NREL NREL U.Stuttgart Sharp Groningen Siemens U.Linz 2005

Spectrolab
Boeing-
Spectrolab Spectrolab UNSW Sanyo NREL (14x) NREL NREL NREL NREL United Solar U.Linz 2000

NREL/ Spectrolab UNSW UNSW UNSW/ Eurosolare NREL Best research cell efficiencies for solar PV cells from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) during the last 40 years. (From NREL National

Japan Energy SunPower (92x) Georgia Tech NREL Matsushita United Solar EPFL
NREL UNSW Georgia Tech NREL Euro-CIS EPFL EPFL 1995 Center for Photovoltaics, Best research-cell efficiencies for solar PV cells from NREL, Available: http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/, Retrieved on May 17, 2016.)
NREL NREL UNSW Spire UNSW Georgia Tech U. So. Florida Boeing Photon Energy United Solar EPFL

Thin-film technologies ClGS (concentrator) ClGS CdTe Amorphous Si:H (stabilized) Emerging PV Dye-sensitized cells Perovskite Cells (not stabilized) Organic cells (various types) Organic tandem cells Inorganic cells (CZTSSe) Quantum dot cells Varian (216×) Varian Varian (205×) Kopin Varian UNSW Stanford UNSW Varian Boeing ARCO AMETEK ARCO 1990

(140×)
Stanford
UNSW UNSW Spire Solarex Solarex ARCO Boeing Solarex RCA 1985
Multi-junction cells (2-terminal, monolithic) LM=lattice matched MM=metamorphic IMM=inverted, metamorphic Three-junction (concentrator) Three-junction (nonconcentrator) Two-junction (concentrator) Two-junction (nonconcentrator) Four-junction or more (concentrator) Four-junction or more (nonconcentrator) Single-junction GaAs Single crystal Concentrator Thin-film crystal

FIGURE 2.1
50 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 IBM (T.J. Waston Research Center) 20 16 Mobil Solar 12 Matsushita 8 U.of Maine 4 RCA 0 1975

Efficiency (%)