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348 Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS ®
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4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
Voc(V) 3.5 3.3 3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SOC
3.79
3.78
3.77
3.76
V(V) 3.75
3.74
3.73
3.72
3.71
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time (sec)
Current
Current (A) 2 1 0
–1
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Modeling error (%) Battery voltage (V) 1.2 0 0 500 Modeling error 1500 2000
ECM model Measured and calculated voltage
workflow 1.25 Measured voltage Load
Calculated voltage
1000
0.2
–0.2
0
500
1000
Time (sec) 1500 2000
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FIGURE 13.35 BES equivalent circuit model workflow using ANSYS software.
FIGURE 13.36 Comprehensive multiphysics and multidomain simulation of battery packs, including the
effects of electromagnetic parasitics, thermal, and mechanical stress, using the ANSYS software.
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13.8 SUMMARY
This chapter presents a comprehensive review of ESSs and their applications with emphasis on bat-
teries and ultracapacitors. Different types of battery and ultracapacitor ESSs have been discussed
along with their modeling techniques. Management system principles and the main functions of
the BMS have been reviewed. Different power converter topologies employed in ESSs have been
presented, and the utility-level applications of ESSs have been described. Despite all the research