Page 14 - Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing

4.3 Sensors Tracking the Mean Time between Contents xiii
Operator Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.4 Sensors Tracking the Mean Time
of Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.5 Sensors Tracking Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.6 Sensors Tracking the Mean Processing
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.7 Network of Sensors Detecting Machinery
Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
4.7.1 Diagnostic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
4.7.2 Resonance and Vibration
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.7.3 Sensing Motor Current for Signature
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.7.4 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
4.7.5 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
4.7.6 Sensors for Diagnostic Systems . . . 198
4.7.7 Quantifying the Quality
of a Workpiece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
4.7.8 Evaluation of an Existing Flexible
Manufacturing Cell Using a Sensing
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
4.8 Understanding Computer Communications
and Sensors’ Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
4.8.1 Application Layer
Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
4.8.2 Presentation Layer
Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
4.8.3 Session Layer Communication . . . . 210
4.8.4 Transport Layer
Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
4.8.5 Network Layer Communication . . . 210
4.8.6 Data Link Layer Communication by
Fiber Optics or Coaxial Cable . . . . . 210
4.8.7 Physical Layer Communication . . . 210
4.8.8 Adding and Removing Information in
Computer Networks Based on Open
System Interconnect (OSI) . . . . . . . . 211
4.9 Understanding Networks in
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.9.1 RS-232-Based Networks . . . . . . . . . 213
4.9.2 Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
4.9.3 Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) . . . . . . 216