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6.3 Fuzzy Logic for Optoelectronic Color
Sensors in Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
6.3.1 Sensing Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
6.3.2 Color Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
6.3.3 Units of Color Measurement . . . . . 285
6.3.4 Color Comparators and True Color
Measuring Instruments . . . . . . . . . . 286
6.3.5 Color Sensor Algorithms . . . . . . . . . 287
6.4 Optimum Detectors in Light Sensors . . . . . . 288
6.4.1 Available Light Sensing
Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
6.5 Photodiodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
6.6 Phototransistors and Photodarlingtons . . . . 291
6.7 Photoconductive Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
6.7.1 Integrated Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
6.7.2 Hybrids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
6.8 Sensor Electronic Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
6.9 Other Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
6.10 Selecting a Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
6.11 Infrared Light Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
6.12 Visible Light Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
6.13 Nanowatts Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
6.14 Considering High-Performance
Photodiodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
6.15 Hybrids of Photomultipliers Options . . . . . . 295
6.16 Design Considerations in Fuzzy Logic
Color Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
6.16.1 Fuzzy Logic Controller
Flowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
6.17 Sensors Detecting Faults in Dynamic
Machine Parts (Bearings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
6.18 Sensors for Vibration Measurement
of a Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
6.19 Optoelectronic Sensor Tracking Targets
on a Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
6.20 Optoelectronic Feedback Signals for
Servomotors through Fiber Optics . . . . . . . . 303
6.21 Acoustooptical/Electronic Sensors for
Synthetic-Aperture Radar Utilizing Vision
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
6.22 The Use of Optoelectronic/Vision Associative
Memory for High-Precision Image Display
and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
6.23 Sensors for Hand-Eye Coordination of
Microrobotic Motion Utilizing Vision
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309