Page 22 - Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing

9.5 The Personal Computer as a Single-Board Contents xxi
Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
9.5.1 Role of Sensors in Programmable
Logic Controllers—PLC . . . . . . . . . 446
9.5.2 Central Control Units . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
9.5.3 Process Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
9.6 The NC Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
9.6.1 Manufacturing Procedure and
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
9.6.2 The Machining Program . . . . . . . . . 452
9.6.3 Absolute Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
9.6.4 NC Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
9.6.5 Operation of an NC System . . . . . . 462
9.6.6 Computer Numerical Control
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
9.7 Industrial Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
9.8 Packaging Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
9.9 Linear Indexing for Manufacturing
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
9.10 Synchronous Indexing for Manufacturing
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
9.11 Parallel Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
9.12 Serial Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
9.13 The Collection and Generation of Process
Signals in Decentralized Manufacturing
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
10 SpectRx NIR Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
10.1 An Introduction to SpectRx NIR
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
10.2 Abbreviations—Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . 487
10.3 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
10.4 Formula and Mathematical Relations . . . . . 491
10.5 The SpectRx FFT-NIR Technology
Advantage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
10.5.1 Software Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
10.5.2 Data Flow Outlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
10.6 Radiometric and Spectral Theory . . . . . . . . . 495
10.7 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
10.7.1 Object View Spectral Radiation . . . 495
10.7.2 Transmission of the
Spectroradiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
10.7.3 Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
10.7.4 Power at the Detector . . . . . . . . . . . 497