Page 619 - Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing

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Fiber optics (Cont.): Fixed costs, 528
information link, 157 Fixed-focus proximity (convergent
laser Doppler velocimeter, 369 sensing) mode, 154
LEDs, wavelengths of, 152 Flags, 449
light sources, testing, 172–174 Flash memory, 10
limit switches, 150–151 Flatness, sensor surface, 343
liquid level sensing, 169–170 Flexibility, of fiber optics, 170–172
networking with electrooptic links, Flexible manufacturing cells
179–184 detecting tool failure, 204–207
noncontact metal detection, 148–150 overview, 196–197, 199–201
overview, 133, 141–143 software problems, 201–204
parameters, 145–148 Flexible manufacturing systems
photoelectric sensors (FMSs)
automated guided vehicle system, current technology, 381–383
140–141 end effector sensors
LEDs, 134–136 detecting partially visible objects,
overview, 133–134 395–400
polarized reflex detection, 138–139 for edge detection and extraction,
proximity detection, 139–140 391–395
reflex photoelectric controls, linear variable-displacement
137–138 transformer, 407–411
through-beam, 136–137 sound-vision recognition, 400–407
position sensors, selecting, 151–152 ultrasonic, 400
power meters, 173–174 evaluation of, 199
pressure sensors, 338–340 number of products in, 193
sensor alignment techniques, overview, 379–380
152–155 robots
sensor network architecture, 373 control through sensors, 411–412
sensory links for minicell density measurements, 434–436
controllers, 184 guidance with vision system, 389–
terminations, 170–172 391
testing, 172–174 history of, 417–419
versatility in industrial applications, invention of, 419–426
184–189 machine-vision sensing, 383–388
video links, 162 market projections, 436–437
Fiber pairs, for remote sensing, multisensor-controlled assembly,
168–169 412–417
Field of view, 490 programming, 426–428
Field stop (FS), 490 vision locating position, 388–389
Financial budget, 526 world market, 428–434
Financial management, 244 role of sensors in, 380–383
Financial planning Flexure-guided nano-positioning
balance sheet projections, 526 systems, 345
capital budget, 526 Flow sensors, 351–352
controlling operation, 527–528 Fluorescent dye, 321
cost and profit analysis, 528–529 Fluorescent light, 18–19, 357
financial budget, 526 Flush-mounted sensors, 73
income statement projections, 526 Flying metal chips, 73, 79
overview, 244, 523–524 FMSs. See Flexible manufacturing
plan development, 524 systems
planning for profit, 527 Focus feature, 399
product budget, 524–525 Focused proximity sensors, 139–140
sales budget, 524 Food industries, 127–128
selling and administrative budget, Foot-candle, 18, 34–35
525–526 Foot-lambert, 35
Finish, sensor surface, 343 Force sensors, 310–312, 557
5200 series optical fault finders, Force-control loop, 312
177–178 Fourier transformation, 299
Fixed asset costs, 544 Frame buffer (image buffer), 390