Page 20 - Six Sigma for electronics design and manufacturing

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Figure 9.5
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Figure 9.6
Mature sales volume for personal computer family.
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Figure 10.1 Typical electronic product development cycle.
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Figure 10.2 Development project time line: phases and milestones.
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Figure 10.3 Project communications monthly meeting example.
Figure 10.4 Cpk tree.
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Figure 11.1 Spider web diagram of six sigma project goals.
Tables Supplier management models. Illustrations and Tables 302
Table 1.1 Criteria rating (CR) to select a solder system for PCB assembly 12
Table 1.2 HP 34401A multimeter DFM results 19
Table 2.1 Defect rates in PPM for different quality levels and 41
distribution shifts
Table 2.2 Cpk and process average shift 44
Table 2.3 Standard normal distribution 49
Table 2.4 Examples of calculating defect rates, Cp, and Cpk 56
2
Table 2.5 goodness of fit test using case study 63
Table 3.1 Control chart factors 75
Table 3.2 Control chart limit calculations example 77
Table 3.3 Probabilities for out-of-control conditions 82
Table 3.4 TQM tool usage 92
Table 4.1 Yield calculation in a three-step production line 109
Table 4.2 Yield calculation in a line with n parts in a three-step 110
production line
Table 4.3 DPMO grouping of defects and opportunities for PCB 112
assemblies
Table 4.4 DPMO chart data 114
Table 4.5 PCB test methods comparison 123
Table 4.6 PCB test methods scenario 1 (two strategies) 124
Table 4.7 PCB test methods scenario 2 (four sigma company) 125
Table 4.8 PCB test methods scenario 3 (six sigma company), 126
three strategies
Table 4.9 Factors that affect test effectiveness 128
Table 5.1 Selected values of t , of student’s t distribution 137
Table 5.2 Error of the t ,v of student’s t distribution 139
2
Table 5.3 Selected values of distribution 143
Table 5.4 Amount of data required for process capability studies 146
Table 5.5 Example of process capability studies for PCB assembly line 154
Table 5.6 R estimator of for GR&R 158
Table 5.7 GR&R example 162
Table 6.1 Product development life cycle stages attributes 172
Table 6.2 Complexity-based process DPUs from a typical PCB 189
fabrication shop
Table 6.3 Design-related causes of PCB defects 191
Table 6.4 Classifications for different types of PCB assemblies 193
Table 6.5 Material-based cost model, NRE and test costs 195