Page 11 - Soil and water contamination, 2nd edition

X Soil and Water Contamination

18.2.2 Effects of point sources 343
18.3 Temporal variation in river water composition 344
18.3.1 Short-term dynamics 344
18.3.2 Hysteresis response of dissolved concentrations to changes in discharge 346
18.3.3 Release of old water 348
18.3.4 Sediment dynamics 349
18.3.5 Concentration rating curves 351
18.3.6 Significance of hydrological events for substance transport 354
18.3.7 Seasonal dynamics of nutrient concentrations 355
18.3.8 Long-term dynamics 357
18.4 Variation in lake water composition 361
18.4.1 Role of lakes in catchment sediment and nutrient budgets 361
18.4.2 Lateral variation 362
18.4.3 Vertical variation during summer stratification 363
18.4.4 Temporal variation 366
18.5 Further reading on contaminants in surface water 369
Exercises 369
REFERENCES 371

APPENDIX I THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS 393

APPENDIX 2 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 395

INDEX 405

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Soil and Water.indd X 10/1/2013 6:44:03 PM