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        Mid-IR and vis measurements, 42–44  Optical biopsy, 228
        Mildew, 127                   Optical path length, 115, 116
        Miller, Lisa, 151             Optical properties of carotenoids,
        Milwaukee shoulder syndrome, 49   196–199
        MirrIR slide, 60, 83          Optimal cutting temperature (OCT),
        Models for spectral recognition and   63
            analysis of class data, 11  Osmium tetroxide (OsO ), 73–77
                                                       4
        Modified Bayesian classification, 8
        Mold, 127                           P P
        Molecular Diffraction of Light (Raman), 267
        Molecular imaging, 159        PAM fluorescence measurements,
        Mongolism, 121                    44–47
        Morphological modeling, 182–183  PAM fluorescence microscope, 44
        Mouse brains, 228–231, 288, 289  Panza, Janice, 157
        MP. See Macular pigment (MP)  Paraffin embedding, 61
        MRI, 133                      Paraffin removal, 68–71
        MTT assay, 80                 Paraformaldehyde (PF), 76
        Muehleman, Carol, 54          Partial least squares (PLS), 185, 278
        Multiscale neighborhood polling, 21  Partitioning methods, 277
        Multivariate curve resolution (MCR),   Path length, 115
            183, 278                  Pathological mineralization, 55
        Multivariate spectral data analysis   Patient cancer segmentation, 21–25
            techniques, 276           PBS, 64–67
        Murein, 259                   PC, 171
        Murray, Stephen, 94           PC-3 cells, 81
        Mycorrhizal fungus, 128       PC score plot, 172–174, 176
                                      PCA, 171–173, 181–184, 185, 186, 276
                                      PCA-LDA classification approach, 186
              N N                     PCA score plot, 172–174, 176
        Nanodot, 143                  Penetration depth, 101, 109, 118, 304, 305
        Nasse, Michael J., 29         Peptidoglycan, 259
        Near field Raman illumination mode,   Perkin Elmer ATR imaging accessory,
            119                           108
        Near infrared (NIR) excitation, 269  Perkin Elmer i-series microscope, 104
        Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy,   Perkin Elmer Spotlight 300, 110
            182, 185, 186             Pezzotti, Giuseppe, 299
        Near-IR (NIR) light, 3        PF, 76
        Neonatology, 220, 222         PF-OsO -CPD, 77
                                            4
        Neugebauer, Ute, 225          Phagocytes, 280
        Nikolaenko, Alex, 342         Phase retrieval algorithms, 329
        NIR excitation, 269           Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 64–67
        NIR light, 3                  Photobleaching, 164, 165
        NIR Raman spectroscopy, 182, 185, 186  Photodamaging, 328
        Nonmydriatic lipofuscin fluorescence   Phytoplankton adaptation, 55
            imaging, 211, 214, 215    Piercey-Nomore, M. D., 152
        Normal TMA cores, 22–24       Piezo-spectroscopic (PS) effect, 301,
        Normalization, 170                303, 307
        Nujol, 101, 114, 115          Pixel resolution, 110
        Nutritional supplement industry,   PLS, 185, 278
            220, 222                  Point and line scanning, 180
                                      Point mapping, 158, 183, 273, 274
                                      Point spread function (PSF), 110, 111
              O O                     Polarizability theory, 137
        OC, 172, 173, 175, 181        Polarization information, 291
        OCT, 63                       Polycrystalline materials, 308
        Off-axis imaging, 109         Polynomial fitting, 168, 169
        On-axis imaging, 109          Popp, Jürgen, 225
        Oncocytoma (OC), 172, 173, 175, 181  Potassium bromide, 112
        Ophthalmology. See Macular pigment   Potma, Eric Olaf, 319
            (MP)                      Pounder, F. Nell, 1
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