Page 16 - Water Engineering Hydraulics, Distribution and Treatment

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Contents
644
The Corrosion Reaction
Interpretation of Adsorption
20.2.3
Isotherms
Corrosion Indices
21.3.2
646
608
21.3.3
Consumer Complaints
Characteristics of Adsorbents
20.3
608
608
21.3.4
20.3.1
Silica Gel
Scale or Pipe Surface
647
Activated Carbon
20.3.2
Examination
608
20.3.3
21.3.5
Measurement of Corrosion
Polymeric Adsorbents
Carbon Properties Relating
647
20.3.4
Rate
21.4
Control of Corrosion
609
to Adsorption
648
650
610
20.4
21.5
Adsorption of Odors and Tastes
Lead and Copper Corrosion
650
Pilot Carbon Column Tests
20.5
Health Effects
21.5.1
612
Breakthrough Curve
613
21.5.2
Occurrence as a Corrosion
20.6 20.2.2 Conditions of Equilibrium 609 606 21.3 21.3.1 Factors Affecting Corrosion 647 646
20.7 Process Technology 614 By-product 650
20.7.1 Types of Contact Beds 614 21.5.3 Diagnosing and Evaluating
20.7.2 Design Criteria of Carbon the Problem 651
Beds 615 21.5.4 Sampling and Chemical
20.7.3 Design of an Adsorption Analysis 651
Bed 617 21.6 Lead Corrosion Control 651
20.7.4 Carbon Regeneration 21.6.1 Distribution and Plumbing
Systems 622 System Design
20.8 Ion Exchange 624 Considerations 652
20.8.1 Advantages and 21.6.2 Water Quality Modifications 652
Disadvantages of Ion 21.6.3 Corrosion Inhibitors 654
Exchange 624 21.6.4 Cathodic Protection 655
20.8.2 System Performance 625 21.6.5 Coatings and Linings 655
20.9 Ion Exchangers 626 21.7 Biofilm Control 655
20.9.1 Synthetic Ion Exchangers 626 21.7.1 Factors That Favor Biofilm
20.9.2 Activated Alumina and Growth 657
Zeolite 626 21.7.2 Biofilm Control Strategies 657
20.10 The Ion Exchange Process 628 Problems/Questions 659
20.11 Ion Selectivity 630 References 660
20.12 Kinetics of Ion Exchange 631
20.13 Ion Exchange Technology 632
20.14 Water Softening by Ion Exchange 633 22 Residues Management, Safety, and
20.15 Demineralization 634 Emergency Response 661
20.16 Concentration of Ions 635
20.17 Ion Exchange Membranes and
22.1 Management of Residues 661
Dialysis 635
22.2 Types of Residuals 662
20.18 Modular Treatment Units for
22.3 Applicable Regulations 663
Removal of Radionuclides 636
22.4 Residual Solids Treatment 663
20.19 Case Study I: Nitrate Removal:
22.5 Residuals Disposal 664
McFarland, CA 636
22.5.1 Underground Injection 664
20.20 Case Study II: Fluoride Removal in
22.5.2 Direct Discharge to Surface
Gila Bend, AZ 637
Waters 664
Problems/Questions 637
22.5.3 Discharge to Sewers and
References 639
WWTP 664
22.5.4 Landfilling 665
22.5.5 Land Application 665
21 Chemical Stabilization and Control of 22.6 Selection of Management Plans 666
Corrosion and Biofilms 641 22.7 Safety and Accident Prevention 670
22.7.1 Safety in Valve Vault Design 670
22.7.2 Safety in Chemical Handling 671
21.1 Chemical Stabilization 641
22.7.3 Safety in the Placement of
21.2 Corrosion 643
Valves 671