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218   Chapter Te n


          DFIG and Other
          Induction Generators  DDSG                DDPM
          Ability to handle wind  Gusts lead to     Same as DDSG
          gusts is limited. Gusts  increased speed while
          cause significant     keeping torque within
          increase in torque.  limit. Energy from
                               gusts is converted to
                               electric energy.
          rpm of generator is  rpm is in the range of  Same as DDSG
          large 1800/3600 rpm  15 to 30 rpm; so
          for 60 Hz or         torque is large
          1500/3000 rpm for
          50 Hz; so torque is
          smaller
          Small power          Large rectifiers and  Same as DDSG
          electronics converters  inverters are required
          are required to      to convert all power to
          manage rotor circuit  DC and then to AC at
                               grid frequency. High
                               frequency harmonics
                               are produced which
                               may be mitigated by
                               filters.
          Compact generator,   Large generator      Material cost of
          but complicated power  requires precision  magnets is high, and
          electronics          manufacturing and    assembly is
                               assembly to maintain  complicated by
                               uniformly small air gap  requirement for small
                                                    air gap

         ∗ Hau, E., von Renouard, H. Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application,
         Economics, New York, Springer, 2005.
        TABLE 10-2  Comparison of Three Variable-Speed Generators (Conitnued)




        References
              1. Richardson,D.RotatingElectricMachineryandTransformerTechnology,Reston
               Publ. Co., Reston, VA, 1978.
              2. Bhadra, S. N., Kastha, D., and Banerjee, S. Wind Electrical Systems, Oxford
               University Press, New Delhi, 2005.
              3. Quaschning, V. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems, EarthScan,
               London, 2005.
              4. Freris, L., and Infield, D. Renewable Energy in Power Systems, Wiley, New
               York, 2008.
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