Page 102 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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82 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS

Kinematic Viscosity, cSt T1: IML August 16, 2007 16:6

--`,```,`,``````,`,````,```,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

◦◦
FIG. 2.23—Prediction of kinematic viscosity of pure hydrocarbons at 37.8 C
from Eq. (2.128).

is discussed in the following chapters where properties of parameters may be used as the last option for prediction of
petroleum fractions are calculated. properties of hydrocarbons. Various methods of estimation
of these parameters as well as critical properties and acen-
tric factor used in corresponding state correlations and a de-
2.10 CONCLUSIONS AND tailed review of their application for different purposes and
RECOMMENDATIONS recommendations made in the literature are presented. Basic
properties of more than 100 selected compounds are given in
In this chapter methods of characterization of pure hydro- Tables 2.1 and 2.2 and will be used frequently throughout the
carbons have been presented. These methods will be used book.
in Chapters 3 and 4 for the characterization of petroleum The most important information presented in this chap-
fractions and crude oils, respectively. This chapter is an im- ter is the methods of estimation of molecular weight, critical
portant chapter in this book as the method selected for the constants, and acentric factor for pure hydrocarbons. These
characterization of hydrocarbons affects the accuracy of es- methods are also recommended to estimate properties of nar-
timation of every physical property throughout the book. In row boiling range petroleum fractions as discussed in Chapter
this chapter the basic characterization parameters have been 3. A summary of evaluations made by various researchers was
introduced and based on the theory of intermolecular forces, reviewed in Section 2.9. Based on these evaluations it is clear
a generalized correlation for the characterization of hydro- that theoretically based correlations such as Eq. (2.38) or its
carbon systems has been developed. It is shown that funda- modified version Eq. (2.40), while simpler than other empiri-
mentally developed correlations are simpler with a wider field cally developed correlations, have a wide range of application
of application and accuracy. For light fractions (M < 300), with reasonable accuracy. Based on these evaluations a list
generally two-parameter correlations are sufficient for prac- of recommended methods for different properties of various
tical calculations, while for heavier hydrocarbons or nonhy- types of hydrocarbons and narrow boiling range fractions is
drocarbons the use of a third parameter is needed. The two given in Table 2.16. Estimation of wide boiling range frac-
characterization parameters should represent the energy and tions is discussed in the next chapter. The choice for meth-
size characteristics of molecules. Characterization parame- ods of calculation of properties not presented in Table 2.16
ters such as T b , M, and ν 38(100) may be used as energy, param- is generally narrow and comments have been made where
eters while SG, I, and CH could be used as size parameters. the methods are introduced in each section. The information
Boiling point and specific gravity are the most easily measur- presented in this chapter should help practical engineers to
able and appropriate characterization parameters followed develop new correlations or to select an appropriate charac-
by molecular weight and refractive index. Viscosity and CH terization scheme when using a process simulator.

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