Page 104 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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84 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
2.4. A tank contains pure hydrocarbon liquid from the
Book—Petroleum Refining, 6th ed., American Petroleum
n-paraffin group. Determine the lightest hydrocarbon [2] Daubert, T. E. and Danner, R. P., Eds., API Technical Data
from the n-alkane family that can exist in an open ves- Institute (API), Washington, DC, 1997.
sel at the environment of 38 C (100 F) and 1 atm with- [3] Nikitin, E. D., Pavlov, P. A., and Popov, A. P., “Vapor–Liquid
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out danger of flammability in the vapor phase near the Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Normal Alkanes from
vessel. 19 to 36 Carbon Atoms, Naphthalene and m-Terphenyl
2.5. Develop three relations for estimation of CH weight Determined by the Pulse-Heating Technique,” Fluid Phase
Equilibria, Vol. 141, 1997, pp. 155–164.
ratio of n-paraffins, n-alkylcyclopentanes, and n-alkyl- [4] Reid, R. C., Prausnitz, J. M., and Poling, B. E., Properties of
benzene in terms of their respective molecular weight. Gases and Liquids, 4th ed., Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 1987.
For each group calculate CH ∞ (and HC ∞ ). Show graph- Poling, B. E., Prausnitz, J. M., O’Connell, J. P., Properties of
ical presentation of the predicted values versus actual Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., Mc-Graw Hill, New York, 2001.
values of CH for the three families on a single graph. [5] Pitzer, K. S., “The Volumetric and Thermodynamic Properties
2.6. Predict the refractive index of n-paraffins, n-alkyl- of Fluids, I: Theoretical Basis and Virial Coefficients,” Journal
cyclopentanes, and n-alkylbenzene versus carbon num- of American Chemical Society, Vol. 77, 1955, pp. 3427–3433.
ber from C 6 to C 50 using Eq. (2.46a) and compare graph- [6] Pitzer, K. S., Lippmann, D. Z., Curl, Jr., R. F., Huggins, C. M.,
ically with values from Eq. (2.42). In using Eq. (2.46a) and Petersen, D. E., “The Volumetric and Thermodynamic
Properties of Fluids, II: Compressibility Factor, Vapor Pressure,
it is necessary to obtain M from N C in each family, and and Entropy of Vaporization,” Journal of American Chemical
then from Eq. (2.42) T b and SG may be estimated for Society, Vol. 77, 1955, pp. 3433–3440.
each carbon number in each family. [7] Denis, J., Briant, J., and Hipeaux, J. C., Lubricant Properties
2.7. A pure hydrocarbon has molecular weight of 338.6 and Analysis and Testing, Translated to English by G. Dobson,
specific gravity of 0.8028. Using appropriate methods Editions Technip, Paris, 1997.
calculate [8] Wauquier, J.-P., Petroleum Refining, Vol. 1: Crude Oil, Petroleum
a. boiling point, T b . Products, Process Flowsheets, Translated from French by David
b. refractivity intercept, R i . H. Smith, Editions Technip, Paris, 1995.
c. kinematic viscosity at 38 and 99 C. [9] Watson, K. M., Nelson, E. F., and Murphy, G. B.,
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d. VGC from three different methods. “Characterization of Petroleum Fractions,” Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 27, 1935, pp. 1460–1464.
2.8. For n-butylcyclohexane, critical properties and molecu- [10] Daubert, T. E., “Property Predictions,” Hydrocarbon Processing,
lar weight are give in Table 2.1. Use T b and SG as the Vol. 59, No. 3, 1980, pp. 107–112.
input partameters and calculate [11] Speight, J. G., The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, 3rd
a. M, T c ,P c, d c , and Z c from the API-TDB-87 methods. ed., Marcel Dekker, New York , 1998.
b. M, T c ,P c, d c , and Z c the Lee–Kesler correlations. [12] Kesler, M. G. and Lee, B. I., “Improve Prediction of Enthalpy of
c. M, T c ,P c, d c , and Z c from the Riazi–Daubert correla- Fractions,” Hydrocarbon Processing, Vol. 55, 1976,
tions (Eq. 2.38). pp. 153–158.
d. M, T c ,P c, d c , and Z c from the Twu correlations. [13] Kurtz, Jr., S. S. and Ward, A. L., “The Refractivity Intercept and
e. Compare values from each method with actual values the Specific Refraction Equation of Newton, I: Development of
and tabulate the %D. the Refractivity Intercept and Composition with Specific
Refraction Equations,” Journal of Franklin Institute, Vol. 222,
2.9. Use calculated values of T c and P c in Problem 2.8 to cal- 1936, pp. 563–592.
culate acentric factor from the Lee–Kesler and Korsten [14] Hill, J. B. and Coats, H. B., “The Viscosity Gravity Cosntant of
correlations for each part, then obtain the errors (%D) Petroleum Lubricating Oils,” Industrial and Engineering
for each method. Chemistry, Vol. 20, 1928, pp. 641–644.
2.10. Estimate the acentric factor of isooctane from Lee– [15] Riazi, M. R. and Daubert, T. E., “Prediction of the Composition
Kesler, Edmister, and Korsten correlations using input of Petroleum Fractions,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,
data from Table 2.1. Calculate the %D for each method. Process Design and Development, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1980,
2.11. Estimate the kinematic viscosity of n-heptane at 38 pp. 289–294.
and 99 C and compare with the experimental values [16] Kurtz, S. S., King, R. W., Stout, W. J., Partikian, D. G., and
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reported by the API-TDB [2]. Also estimate viscosity Skrabek, E. A., “Relationsship Between Carbon-Type
Composition, Viscosity Gravity Constant, and Refractivity
of n-heptane at 50 C from Eq. (2.130) and the ASTM Intercept of Viscous Fractions of Petroleum,” Analytical
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viscosity–temperature chart. Chemistry, Vol. 28, 1956, pp. 1928–1936.
2.12. For n-alkylcylopentanes from C 5 to C 10 , estimate d 20 [17] Altgelt, K. H. and Boduszynski, M. M., Composition and
from SG using the rule of thumbs and a more accurate Analysis of Heavy Petroleum Fractions, Marcel Dekker, New
method. Compare the results with actual values from York, 1994.
Table 2.1. For these compounds also estimate refractive [18] API Research Project 42: Properties of Hydrocarbons of High
index at 25 C using M as the only input data available. Molecular Weight, American Petroleum Institute, New York,
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Use both methods for the effect of temperature on re- 1966.
fractive index as discussed in Section 2.6.2 and compare [19] Daubert, T. E., Danner, R. P., Sibul, H. M., and Stebbins, C. C.,
your results with the values reported by the API-TDB [2]. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Compounds:
Data Compilation, DIPPR-AIChE, Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA,
1994 (extant) (www.aiche.org/dippr). Updated reference:
Rowley, R. L., Wilding, W. V., Oscarson, J. L., Zundel, N. A.,
REFERENCES Marshall, T. L., Daubert, T. E., and Danner, R. P., DIPPR Data
Compilation of Pure Compound Properties, Design Institute for
[1] Coplen, T. B., “Atomic Weights of the Elements 1999,” Pure and Physical Properties (DIPPR), Taylor & Francis, New York, 2002
Applied Chemistry, Vol. 73, No. 4, 2001, pp. 667–683. (http://dippr.byu.edu).

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